Relation between Directional Sensitivity and Spectral Response Curves in Human Cone Vision

Walraven, P.L.; Bouman, M. A.

doi:10.1364/josa.50.000780

Cited by 76 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The most reasonable approach to the explanation of these results follows the pattern of previous theories of the colour effect (Stiles, 1937;Brindley, 1953;Walraven & Bouman, 1960;Enoch & Stiles, 1961;Walraven, 1962;Wijngaard, Bouman & Budding, 1974;Pask & Snyder, 1975. ) In this view however operationally meaningful it is to draw with Hansen (1943) a distinction between the intensity and the colour effects, on the theoretical side there is simply the intensity effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The dependence of the colour and brightness of a monochromatic light upon its angle of incidence on the retina.

Alpern¹,

Kono²,

Tamaki³

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The changes in brightness and colour of a monochromatic test light as its angle of incidence on the retina was changed from normal (pupil centre traverse) to oblique (3 5 mm temporal pupil traverse), was measured by matching it with three normally incident primaries. Results on two normal trichromats were generally in accord with published data on the Stiles-Crawford intensity and colour effects.2. One observer was also the subject of the preceding paper (Alpern & Kitahara, 1983) in which the field sensitivities of his foveali1(,u) (j = 3, 4, 5) mechanisms for normally, and obliquely, incident backgrounds were reported. For normal incidence, the colour matching functions are in rough accord with expectation if the action spectra of the three cone mechanisms, which provide the photoreceptor basis for his trichromacy, were the same Hi mechanisms for normal incidence.3. A unified theory is developed for both Stiles-Crawford intensity and colour effects, assuming that the same visual pigments in the same set of univariantly signalling cones absorbs both the normal incident primaries and the obliquely incident test. Given no free parameters for curve fitting, the Stiles-Crawford intensity effect data are in reasonable agreement with the theory if the photoreceptor basis of these matches were the normally and obliquely incident II(,u) mechanisms.4. The Stiles-Crawford colour effect data contradict the expectations ofthe unified theory applied with these same Hl1(l) mechanisms. Either H3,() is not a valid operational definition ofthe action spectrum ofhis short-wave sensitive photoreceptors or at least one assumption of the unified theory is false.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

The dependence of the colour and brightness of a monochromatic light upon its angle of incidence on the retina.

Alpern¹,

Kono²,

Tamaki³

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Two psychophysical studies (Miller, 1972;Smith & Pokorny, 1973) report higher L-cone than M-cone photopigment OD while axial values estimated from transverse microspectrophotometry mea-surements of single human cones are not different for M-and L-cones (Bowmaker & Dartnall, 1980). All these studies yield values that are too low compared to photopigment ODs of 0.7-0.9 required to explain self-screening effects measured by the change in color when monochromatic lights are obliquely incident on the central fovea (Walraven & Bouman, 1960;Enoch & Stiles, 1961; but see .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Photopigment optical density of the human foveola and a paradoxical senescent increase outside the fovea

et al. 2004

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Photopigment optical density (OD) of middle-(M) and long-(L) wavelength-sensitive cones was determined to evaluate the hypothesis that reductions in the amount of photopigment are responsible for age-dependent sensitivity losses of the human cone pathways. Flicker thresholds were measured at the peak and tail of the photoreceptor's absorption spectrum as a function of the intensity of a bleaching background. Photopigment OD was measured at 0 (fovea), 2, 4, and 8 deg in the temporal retina by use of a 0.3-deg-diameter test spot. Seventy-two genetically characterized dichromats were studied so that the L-and M-cones could be analyzed separately. Subjects included 28 protanopes with M-but no L-cones and 44 deuteranopes with L-but no M-cones (all male, age range 12-29 and 55-83 years). Previous methods have not provided estimates of photopigment OD for separate cone classes in the foveola. In this study, it was found that foveolar cones are remarkably efficient, absorbing 78% of the available photons (OD ϭ 0.65). Photopigment OD decreased exponentially with retinal eccentricity independently of age and cone type. Paradoxically, the OD of perifoveal cones increased significantly with age. Over the 70-year age range of our participants, the perifoveal M-and L-cones showed a 14% increase in capacity to absorb photons despite a 30% decrease in visual sensitivity over the same period.

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“…1953: Walraven andBouman, 1960). Walraven and Bouman (1960) have obtained a specific expression for the absorption of light by the photopigment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Stiles-Crawford colour change

1974

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Abstract-Toobtain the Stiles-Crawford colour change. the absorption of guided and unguided light by a cone outer segment as a function of the angle of incidence is estimated. The model is specified in two wals: the HE,,, model. based on a waveguide modal analysis. and the geometrical optics model, The measurements by Stiles (1937) are fitted with reasonable success. both for the intensity effect and for the colour change. using the phenomenon of selfscreening to explain the colour change.The Stiles-Crawford colour change has been explained in the literature as due to selfscreening of the visual pigment (Brindley. 1953: Walraven andBouman, 1960). Walraven and Bouman (1960) have obtained a specific expression for the absorption of light by the photopigment. attributing the Stiles-Crawford intensity effect to leakage from the outer segment and leakage from the inner segment. In this paper the Stiles-Crawford intensity effect is attributed to leakage from the inner segment. The expression for the absorption of light by the pigment in the outer segment. which will be used here. is specified in two ways. In the geometrical optics model the parameters. except the absorption coefficients. are not wavelength-dependent.In the HE, ,, model the parameters are obtained from the characteristics of the HE, .I dielectric waveguide mode. The Stiles-Crawford colour change is attributed to selfscreening.

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Relation between Directional Sensitivity and Spectral Response Curves in Human Cone Vision

Cited by 76 publications

References 10 publications

The dependence of the colour and brightness of a monochromatic light upon its angle of incidence on the retina.

The dependence of the colour and brightness of a monochromatic light upon its angle of incidence on the retina.

Photopigment optical density of the human foveola and a paradoxical senescent increase outside the fovea

The Stiles-Crawford colour change

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