Relation between Electric Spark Sensitivity and Impact Sensitivity of Nitroaromatic Energetic Compounds

Abstract

Impact and electric spark sensitivities of energetic compounds are two important sensitivity parameters, which are closely related to many accidents in working places. In contrast to electric spark sensitivity, impact sensitivity can be easily measured. A new simple method is introduced to correlate electric spark and impact sensitivities of nitroaromatic compounds. Two correcting functions are used to consider several molecular moieties for reliable prediction of electric spark sensitivity through the measured or estimated impact sensitivity of nitroaromatics. The model is optimized using a set of 28 CHNO polynitroaromatic explosives and then it is tested for some nitroaromatics containing the other atoms such as sulfur. The predicted electric sensitivities of the new method are also compared with the reported results of a new quantum mechanical approach. For 22 CHNO nitroaromatics, quantum mechanical calculations are within ±3.0 J of 18 measured values and more than ±3.0 J for remaining 4 experimental data. Meanwhile, the predicted results of the method are less than ±3.0 J for 28 CHNO nitroaromatics. The root‐mean‐square (rms) deviations of the new model and quantum mechanical are also 1.55 and 2.51 J, respectively.

Correlation between Shock Sensitivity of Nitramine Energetic Compounds based on Small‐scale Gap Test and Their Electric Spark Sensitivity

“…Equation provides a new simple empirical available method to find reliable estimation of electric spark sensitivity by the calculated small scale of shock sensitivity. Thus, the same as the other classes of energetic compounds,[11a], [11d] Equation can help us to correlate mechanism of energy transfer from electric spark or shock to the reaction center of molecule, which may be inclined to a thermolytic principle of the electric spark initiation. Mechanism of electric spark and shock energy transfer can be related to molecular structure, thermal reactivity and sensitivity to mechanic stimuli.…”

“…impact sensitivity, electric spark sensitivity and heat sensitivity. [9g], In contrast to impact sensitivity, the reported data of electric spark sensitivity and shock sensitivity of nitramines are scarce. The purpose of this work is to introduce a novel relationship between electric spark and shock sensitivities of nitramines.…”

Molecular design and performance prediction of poly-dinitroamino pyrrole compounds as energetic materials

“…41 The impact sensitivity is one of the crucial parameters responsible for effectiveness and it reflects whether the explosive is stable enough to handle or store. 42,43 In this work, the estimation of sensitivity is assessed based on the characteristic height (h 50 ), which is defined as the height from which a given weight of 2.5 kg falling upon a compound has a 50% probability of producing an explosion. Table 5 lists the calculated h 50 values by Pospíšil method 33 for each compound together with the experimental value of CL-20 for comparison.…”

A Novel Approach for the Prediction of Electric Spark Sensitivity of Polynitroarenes Based on the Measured Data from a New Instrument

“…These data have been used in recent years for the development of predictive methods for nitramines [14][15][16][17][18][19] and polynitroarenes [20][21][22]. Furthermore, the reported electric spark sensitivities based on the output from RDAD instruments have also been correlated with detonation performance [12,[23][24][25][26], impact sensitivity [27,28], thermal stability [29][30][31][32][33], and shock sensitivity [34,35]. Most of the available predictive methods and the new computer code EMDB [36] for the prediction of electric spark sensitivity are based on data reported for the old RDAD instrument.…”