Relation between severe malaria morbidity in children and level of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Africa

Snow, Robert W.; Omumbo, Judith A.; Lowe, Brett; Molyneux, Sassy; Obiero, Jacktone-O; Palmer, Ayo; Weber, Martin; Pinder, Margaret; Nahlen, Bernard L.; Obonyo, Charles; Newbold, Chris; Gupta, Sunetra; Marsh, Kevin

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)02038-2

Cited by 579 publications

(511 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…29,30 Possible consequences of reduced immunity could be shifts in age groups in which severe disease occurs, more severe disease in the population, and disease caused by relatively low parasite densities. It is critical that countries have good-quality laboratory capacity to monitor and quickly detect these changes.…”

Section: Accurate Malaria Diagnosis In Changing Malaria Epidemiology mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factoring Quality Laboratory Diagnosis into the Malaria Control Agenda for Sub-Saharan Africa

Aidoo

2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Recent progress in malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa has been achieved primarily through provision of insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and antimalarial drugs. Although these interventions are important, proper case identification and accurate measurement of their impact depend on quality diagnostic testing. Current availability of diagnostic testing for malaria in sub-Saharan Africa is inadequate to support disease management, prevention programs, and surveillance needs. Challenges faced include a dearth of skilled workforce, inadequate health systems infrastructure, and lack of political will. A coordinated approach to providing pre-service clinical and laboratory training together with systems that support a scale-up of laboratory services could provide means not only for effective malaria case management but also, management of non-malaria febrile illnesses, disease surveillance, and accurate control program evaluation. A synthesis of the challenges faced in ensuring quality malaria testing and how to include this information in the malaria control and elimination agenda are presented.

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Section: Accurate Malaria Diagnosis In Changing Malaria Epidemiology mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factoring Quality Laboratory Diagnosis into the Malaria Control Agenda for Sub-Saharan Africa

Aidoo

2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…1991: D'ALESSANDRO et al. 1995N&ILL et al, 1996;HAB&JETZE~ et al, 1997): However, it has subsequently been suggested that, other things being equal, long-term transmission control in areas of high endemicity may reduce acquisition of clinical immunity and hence only delay severe disease or death, possibly even increasing overall mortality (SNOW & MARSH, 1995;TRAPE & ROGIER, 1996;SNOW et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in a seven-and-a-half-year follow-up of a trial of insecticide-treated mosquito nets in Ghana

Binka

Hodgson

Adjuik

et al. 2002

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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A 17% efficacy in preventing all-cause mortality in children aged 6-59 months was previously reported from a cluster-randomized controlled trial of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) carried out in the Kassena-Nankana District of northern Ghana from July 1993-June 1995. A follow-up until the end of 2000 found no indication in any age group of increased mortality in the ITN group after the end of the randomized intervention. These results should further encourage the use of ITNs as a malaria control tool in areas of high endemicity of Plasmodium falciparum.

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“…However, it has also be& suggested that long-term use of ITNs might be less beneficial because reduction in exposure to infective stages of the malaria parasite could interfere with the development of natural immunity (SNOW & MAFGH, 1995;TRAPE & ROGIER, 1996;SNOW et al, 1997). There is evidence that a high multiplicity of infection can provide clinical protection against super-infection (AL-YAMAN et al, BECK et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

10. Effect of insecticide-treated bed nets on the dynamics of multiple Plasmodium falciparum infections

Smith

Felger

Fraser‐Hurt

et al. 1999

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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The rates of acquisition and loss of individual genotypes belonging to the FC27 family of the Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2) gene were studied in 120 children aged 5 months to 2.5 years, in a randomized controlled trial of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in Kiberege village, Tanzania. Analysis of longitudinal changes in positivity for individual alleles in samples collected at intervals of one month indicated that the average duration of infections, allowing for undetected parasite genotypes, was 73 d in those aged C 18 months and 160 d in children aged 218 months, consistent with a shift from acute to chronic infection with age. Overall, 5 1% of genotypes infecting the host were estimated to be detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in any one sample of 0.5 PL of packed peripheral blood cells. In children less than 18 months old this sensitivity was 61% (sE=~%) compared with 41% (sE=~%) in older children. Conversely, the rate of appearance of new parasite genotypes was higher in children < 18 months of age than in older children, but this partly reflected the difference in sensitivity. The overall incidence of new infections was estimated to be reduced by 17% in ITN users. There was no statistically significant difference between users and non-users in observed infection multiplicity, sensitivity, recovery rate, or estimated infection rates for individual alleles. This suggests that, in areas of high I? falciparum endemicity, ITNs have little effect on the establishment of chronic malaria infection.

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Relation between severe malaria morbidity in children and level of Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Africa

Cited by 579 publications

References 18 publications

Factoring Quality Laboratory Diagnosis into the Malaria Control Agenda for Sub-Saharan Africa

Factoring Quality Laboratory Diagnosis into the Malaria Control Agenda for Sub-Saharan Africa

Mortality in a seven-and-a-half-year follow-up of a trial of insecticide-treated mosquito nets in Ghana

10. Effect of insecticide-treated bed nets on the dynamics of multiple Plasmodium falciparum infections

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