Relation of body composition to daily physical activity in free-living Japanese adult women

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the indices of body size such as BMI, fat-free mass index (FFMI, FFM/height 2 ), fat mass index (FMI, FM/height 2 ), and body fat percentage (%BF), and physical activities assessed by the doublylabelled water (DLW) method and an accelerometer in free-living Japanese adult women. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 100 female subjects ranging in age from 31 to 69 years. Subjects were classified in quartiles of BMI, FFMI, FMI and %BF. Daily walking steps and the duration of light to vigorous physical activity were simultaneously assessed by an accelerometer for the same period as the DLW experiment. Only physical activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE)/FFM and PAEE/body weight (BW) decreased in the highest quartile of BMI. Physical activity level, PAEE/FFM and PAEE/BW decreased in the highest quartile of FMI and %BF, whereas they were not different among quartiles of FFMI. Daily walking steps and the duration of moderate-and vigorous-intensity physical activities decreased or tended to decrease in the highest quartile of FMI and %BF, but did not differ among quartiles of FFMI and BMI. These results clearly showed that Japanese adult women with higher fat deposition obviously had a low level of physical activities assessed by both the DLW method and accelerometry, but those with larger BMI had lower PAEE/FFM and PAEE/BW only. Our data suggest that the relationship between obesity and daily physical activities should be discussed using not only BMI but also FMI or %BF.Key words: Body composition: Physical activity: Doubly-labelled water: Accelerometry: Japanese adult women Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Obese individuals are often considered to be physically less active than normal-weight individuals. However, most cross-sectional studies using the doubly-labelled water (DLW) method, which is known to be the most accurate method of measuring energy expenditure in free-living conditions (1,2) , have reported that physical activity level (PAL; the ratio of total energy expenditure(TEE):BMR) did not differ among BMI categories (3 -6) . The reason for the lack of this association may be partly explained by differences in the distribution of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM). PAL appears to be negatively associated with FM (7,8) , but not correlated with FFM (5) . However, these studies have only reported information on the association between PAL and either FM or FFM, which are not adjusted for body size, such as body height. To our knowledge, no information is available from thoroughly examining the relationship between BMI or body composition, i.e. FFM index (FFMI, FFM divided by height squared), FM index (FMI, FM divided by height squared) or body fat percentage (%BF) and physical activity in adult women, particularly in Asian populations.Recently, many cross-sectional studies on adult women in Western countries and Japan reported that BMI and %BF were inversely associate...

Obesity and Physical Activity in the Daily Life of Patients with COPD

“…This explains the fact that 100% of the present sample was classified as obese based on the %FM, with 42% classified as morbidly obese. A study by Park et al [42], which verified the relationship of body composition with PADL in adult women, suggested that the relationship between obesity and daily physical activity should be discussed using not only BMI but also fat mass index or %FM since these two variables were related to the physical activity level, which was corroborated by the present results. Obesity is defined as excessive accumulation of fat mass, and patients with COPD present high %FM despite not having high body weight.…”

“…In addition, our data showed that more pronounced levels of obesity (i.e., morbid obesity) denote lower levels of PADL and lower exercise capacity in comparison to moderate obesity. Corroborating these results, the study by Park et al [42] in older women showed that those with more pronounced obesity (according to %FM) had taken fewer steps per day and performed less moderate and vigorous physical activity. We believe that this is not necessarily caused only by changes due to excessive weight but also by a reduction in the percentage of muscle mass.…”

Hunter‐gatherers as models in public health

“…TEE and AEE are adjusted to Hadza fat free mass; see text. Error bars for TEE and AEE are standard deviations, calculated from reported coefficients of variation in TEE . MVPA for South Africa, USA, Ghana, Jamaica and Seychelles cohorts from Dugas and colleagues .…”

Estimating free-living human energy expenditure: Practical aspects of the doubly labeled water method and its applications

“…However, because measuring TBW is inconvenient, most researchers use the assumption that TBW represents 60% of body weight in non-obese adults. In our previous studies, we used a single dose of approximately 0.06 g 2 H 2 O∙kg -1 body weight (99.8 atom %, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, MA, USA) and 1.4 g H 2 18 O∙kg -1 body weight (10.0 atom %, Taiyo Nippon Sanso, Tokyo, Japan) [13,14]. The 99 atom % 2 H and 10 atom % 18 O levels are the most commonly used enrichment levels of labeled water available in the market.…”

“…In the studies to compare the two-point and multiple-point methodologies [20,26], timed samples for multi-point methods were collected on a daily basis for the 10 or 14 days. However, it should be noted that human DLW studies using multiple-point methodology does not always analyze everyday samples, but analyzes some samples at the points of the first, middle, and end during the study period [13,14]. In addition, with urine samples, there is concern about whether water stored in the bladder is incomplete equilibrium with the body water.…”