Relation of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Atherosclerotic Plaque with the Extent of Coronary Artery Stenosis

Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis Beyond Metabolic Disorders in Non-Diabetic Patients

“…It is important to determine whether NAFLD is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and several studies have suggested that there is an association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease 6-11). Noninvasively detected increased carotid intima media thickness (IMT) is generally accepted as an early indicator of generalized atherosclerosis and has been related to cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease including incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke 12-14). Some case-controlled and cross-sectional studies6-8) showed a relationship between NAFLD and carotid IMT 7)11)15).…”

“… 6 - 11) Noninvasively detected increased carotid intima media thickness (IMT) is generally accepted as an early indicator of generalized atherosclerosis and has been related to cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease including incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. 12 - 14) Some case-controlled and cross-sectional studies 6 - 8) showed a relationship between NAFLD and carotid IMT. 7) 11) 15) Indeed, it is hypothesized that NAFLD is not merely a marker of cardiovascular disease but may also be involved in its pathogenesis.…”

“… 7) 15) It seems to be important to decide whether further recommendations with regard to carotid atherosclerosis screening should be implemented in all NAFLD patients, as currently available epidemiological data indicate that a value of carotid IMT at or above 1 mm at any age is associated with a significantly increased risk of myocardial infarction and/or cerebrovascular disease. 14) Thus, we studied a random group of consecutive outpatients undergoing abdominal US to establish the strength of the increased carotid IMT defined ≥ 1 mm and carotid plaque observed in NAFLD patients. In addition, we evaluated whether such an association is independent of classical risk factors and MetS features.…”

Association between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness on B-Mode Ultrasonogram

“…10,11,12,13,14,15 Noninvasively detected increased carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is generally accepted as an early indicator of generalized atherosclerosis and has been related to cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease including incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke. 16,17,18 Some case-controlled and cross-sectional, 10,11,12 showed a relationship between NAFLD and CIMT. 15,19 Indeed, it is hypothesized that NAFLD is not merely a marker of cardiovascular disease but may also be involved in its pathogenesis.…”

“…11,19 It seems to be important to decide whether further recommendations with regard to carotid atherosclerosis screening should be implemented in all NAFLD patients, as currently available epidemiological data indicate that a value of CIMT at or above 1 mm at any age is associated with a significantly increased risk of myocardial infarction and/or cerebrovascular disease. 18 The increasing rate of type II diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, sedentary life style and changes in the dietary habit, all are leading to serious health burden like NAFLD in Bangladesh. These patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.…”