Relation of serum magnesium level to microvascular complications and the components of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Yossef, Heba M; Ghanem, Nashwa; Al-Jarhi, Ula M.; Shaker, Ollfat G.

doi:10.4103/ejim.ejim_22_17

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A study from Egypt carried out on 70 type 2 diabetic patients and 20 controls older than 35 years also failed to establish a relationship between DR and serum magnesium. 8 In contrast, Walter et al 12 in the United States reported higher levels of serum magnesium in retinopathy patients. Such disparate observations could be partly explained by the heterogeneity of the study population, differences in the technique of serum magnesium measurement and varied study designs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, the increased levels of serum fibrinogen and lipoproteins that occur as a consequence of nephropathy contribute to progression of retinopathy among diabetics. 5 Therefore, nephropathy is likely to be a confounder when studying the relation between hypomagnesaemia and DR. 5 , 7 , 8 , 10 – 12 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 7 This protective role of magnesium is reinforced by the observations of poor glycaemic control in the presence of hypomagnesaemia. 7 , 8 It may be logical to assume that hypomagnesaemia be linked to microvascular complications of DM. However, the relation between serum magnesium and DR is elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the relation between serum magnesium and DR is elusive. 5 , 7 , 8 , 10 – 12 Concurrently, the diabetic microvascular complications causing multiple end organ damage could influence serum magnesium. Importantly, nephropathy, which is a frequent consequence of the disease, can cause hypomagnesaemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum magnesium in diabetic retinopathy: the association needs investigation

Shivakumar

Rajalakshmi²,

Jha

et al. 2021

Ophthalmol Eye Dis

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Background: Magnesium has an essential role in glucose metabolism, and hypomagnesaemia is common in diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between serum magnesium and diabetic retinopathy is poorly understood. Aim: To determine the association between serum magnesium levels and retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function and to correlate it with severity of retinopathy. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a semi-urban tertiary-care teaching hospital. Clinicodemographic profile and serum magnesium levels were determined in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with (group 1) and without (group 2) retinopathy. Serum magnesium levels were correlated with the presence and severity of retinopathy. Results: Of 104 type 2 DM patients, 50 had retinopathy. Younger age, longer duration of disease and poorer glycaemic control ( p < 0.05) were found to be associated with retinopathy. The mean serum magnesium levels in patients with retinopathy and those without retinopathy were 1.63 ± 0.30 mg/dL and 1.76 ± 0.22 mg/dL, respectively ( p = 0.029). Reduced serum magnesium was associated with elevated fasting sugars ( p = 0.019) and female gender ( p = 0.037). On comparative analysis of patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR), non-STDR and no retinopathy by ANOVA test, patients with STDR had significantly lower serum magnesium (1.55 ± 0.33 mg/dL) ( p = 0.031). Conclusion: Serum magnesium levels were lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Patients with STDR had lower serum magnesium compared with those without STDR. Summary Serum magnesium, studied extensively for its role in glucose metabolism, was found to be lower in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared with those without retinopathy. Sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy had significantly lower levels of serum magnesium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Serum magnesium in diabetic retinopathy: the association needs investigation

Shivakumar

Rajalakshmi²,

Jha

et al. 2021

Ophthalmol Eye Dis

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“…Seven studies reported the comparison of serum magnesium levels in the group of subjects with DR and without DR [29]- [35]. Two studies reported both informations in the full-text articles [36], [37]. Table 1.…”

Section: Study Characteristics and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium deficiency associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis

Adiwinoto

Prajitno

2021

IJPHS

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the major cause of visual impairment in the working-age population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Magnesium (Mg) is involved in various metabolic processes and in experimental animal studies; Mg has shown essential roles in physiological eye function. Magnesium deficiency is common in T2DM; therefore we analyzed the association between serum Mg status and the presence of DR in T2DM patients. Systematic literature searching in several databases, from 1988 to September 2020, was performed using search terms: “serum magnesium” or “hypomagnesemia” and “diabetic retinopathy” or “retinopathy”. A total of 3,227 patients from 17 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Hypomagnesemia was associated with increased risk of developing DR (OR 4.52 [2.08, 9.81], p=0.0001) in T2DM patients. Serum Mg levels also lower in patients with DR than those without DR (MD –0.30 mg/dL [–0.44, –0.15], p<0.0001). Additionally, serum Mg levels were lower in patients with proliferative DR (PDR) than those with non-proliferative DR (NPDR) (MD-0.21 mg/dL [–0.34, –0.09], p=0.0009). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis did not change the overall effect. Hypomagnesemia or low serum Mg levels in T2DM patients increased the risk of developing DR.

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