Relation of the Pequot Warres

Gardiner, Lion

doi:10.1353/eam.2011.0016

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Oldham had indeed recently traveled to Pequot country, but he was acting on behalf of Massachusetts leaders and was collecting the gifts meant to settle the matter of Stone's death, not dealing behind the Narragansetts' backs. 66 Narragansett leaders further corroborated the conspiracy claims when they reported that a cabal of sachems was responsible, though the group was smaller than the informant alleged. Williams suspected that only one of Oldham's pilots was involved.…”

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“…Beak Head,'' which could break through waves and reduce chop. 31 Indian crews used oars as their primary means of propulsion, but for longer voyages they outfitted their dugouts with sails called sepâ kehig. Williams observed: ''Their owne reason hath taught them to pull of[f] a Coat or two and set it up on a small pole, with which they will saile before a wind ten, or twenty mile, &c.'' 32 Using their oars as rudders and leeboards, Indians could probably steer a reasonably precise course in a mishíttouwand, provided the wind was blowing in the general direction of their destination.…”

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Murder on the Saltwater Frontier: The Death of John Oldham

Lipman¹

2011

eam

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This article considers the larger material and political contexts of the 1636 murder of John Oldham aboard his boat by Narragansett-allied Indians, an event that was one of the causes of the 1636-38 Pequot War. Oldham's slaying illustrates how the contested region between New England and New Netherland was a ''saltwater frontier'' where the primary arena of cross-cultural exchange was the coastline and its nearshore waters, not the land. Natives and colonists relied on each other's maritime technologies and knowledge. At the same time the tricky logistics of their encounters made this zone uniquely perilous. Oldham's Indian killers were also motivated by an intense trade rivalry between Native powers. A series of events caused them to harbor suspicions of Oldham and inspired them to commit small-scale piracy during his murder. The article concludes that the ensuing Pequot War should be seen as a naval war that turned into terrestrial war, reflecting the English desire to shift the frontier off the water and onto dry land.When Indian and European mariners took to the seas off the northeastern American coast in the early seventeenth century, the two greatest hazards they faced were the weather and each other. John Gallop was certainly wary of squalls and strangers when he sailed from the Connecticut River in July 1636 to trade with native peoples on Long Island. The English skipper had only four men with him on his thirty-foot bark, two of whom were his own ''little boys.'' As he neared a harbor between Long Island's eastern forks, ''a Andrew Lipman would like to thank Zara Anishanslin, Simon Finger, Ned Landsman, Andrew Newman, and Daniel K. Richter for their helpful feedback and suggestions. Thanks also go to Paul Otto and the other conference participants who offered thoughtful critiques of a portion of this article at the

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Murder on the Saltwater Frontier: The Death of John Oldham

Lipman¹

2011

eam

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“…56 But whatever relief Gardiner felt that August was short lived. After the raids on Block Island and Pequot, Gardiner's men had returned to Fort Saybrook with a "pretty quantity of corn."…”

Section: Environment Scarcity and The Pequot Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

New World Tempests: Environment, Scarcity, and the Coming of the Pequot War

Grandjean¹

2011

The William and Mary Quarterly

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“…As distressing as the war had been, it was ''but a Commedie in Comparison of the tragedies which hath been here threatned since.'' 16 Mason had proclaimed that God did ''scatter his Enemies with his strong Arm!'' but Gardiner feared the tide had turned.…”

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“…18 Not surprisingly, Gardiner looked back longingly at the rising years of the Protestant cause, when he had joined with other young zealots to beat back the Spanish empire in the Netherlands: ''Oh that I weare in the Cuntryes againe.'' 19 The voice that frames the ''Relation of the Pequot Warres'' is that of a disgruntled old veteran, from the geographic margins of New England or beyond, prophesying doom, in the familiar strains of Jeremiah. Yet he had not simply grown old and bitter.…”

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The Worlds of Lion Gardiner, ca. 1599–1663: Crossings and Boundaries: Special Issue Introduction

Landsman¹

2011

eam

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Relation of the Pequot Warres

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Murder on the Saltwater Frontier: The Death of John Oldham

Murder on the Saltwater Frontier: The Death of John Oldham

New World Tempests: Environment, Scarcity, and the Coming of the Pequot War

The Worlds of Lion Gardiner, ca. 1599–1663: Crossings and Boundaries: Special Issue Introduction

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