Relation of thoracic aortic and aortic valve calcium to coronary artery calcium and risk assessment

Wong, Nathan D.; Sciammarella, Maria; Arad, Yadon; Miranda-Peats, Romalisa; Polk, Donna M.; Hachamovich, Rory; Friedman, John D.; Hayes, Sean W.; Daniell, Anthony L.; Berman, Daniel S.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00976-7

Cited by 75 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…3 Several studies examined the association between cardiovascular risk factors and the presence of arterial calcification. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Until now, only one study examined associations between cardiovascular risk factors and calcification in several vessel beds, including the coronary arteries, the proximal aorta and the carotid arteries. 10 This study was performed among relatively young subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for coronary, aortic arch and carotid calcification; The Rotterdam Study

et al. 2009

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This study was performed to examine the association of cardiovascular risk factors with calcification in the coronary arteries, aortic arch and carotid arteries, assessed by multislice computed tomography (MSCT). This study was embedded in the Rotterdam Study, a population-based study in subjects aged 55 years and over. From October 2003 until December 2004, subjects were invited to undergo a MSCT scan. Coronary, aortic arch and carotid calcification were quantified according to the Agatston score. Analyses were performed in the first 1003 subjects. Age and current smoking were the strongest independent risk factors for arterial calcification. The odds ratio (OR) for age in women, irrespective of the vessel bed, was 1.1 (Po0.001) and in men it was 1.2 with aortic arch and 1.1 with carotid calcification (both Po0.001). Current smoking was associated with aortic arch calcification with an OR of 3.5 in women and of 4.7 in men (both Po0.001); and with carotid calcification with an OR of 2.1 in women (Po0.05) and of 4.1 in men (Po0.01). Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes were also independently related to calcification, although not consistent across all vessel beds and for men and women. Obesity tended to be inversely related to arterial calcification in women, whereas low highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol showed no relation with arterial calcification. In conclusion, although associations were not completely consistent across the different vessel beds and for men and women, our results indicate that generally the same risk factors are present for atherosclerosis in the coronary, aortic arch and carotid circulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for coronary, aortic arch and carotid calcification; The Rotterdam Study

et al. 2009

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“…A number of authors have linked the development of valvular calcification to atherosclerosis, citing the fact that both are actively regulated processes with histological, risk factor and CV outcome similarities 129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139 . Furthermore, takasu et al noted that all patients with progression of AVC had progression of CAC, while 80% of those with stabilisation of AVC also had stable CAC, indicating parallel development 140 .…”

Section: Valvular Calcification -Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age is an independent predictor of AVC presence in most studies 94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101 , but does not appear to be predictive of progression , . Prevalence rates between AVC and CAC grew more similar with age in asymptomatic subjects, with CAC appearing around seven years before AVC .…”

Section: Aortic Valvementioning

confidence: 90%

“…Most studies of asymptomatic subjects show that AVC prevalence and progression is independently associated with prevalence and increasing severity of CAC, with 38% of those with CAC >/=400 also having AVC 81,82,83,84 , with higher followup CAC scores also predicting de novo AVC 85 . With respect to calcification of the aortic root, one study found that CAC was a weak predictor, with tAC presence having the highest odds ratio 86 .…”

Section: Aortic Valvementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevalence rates between AVC and CAC grew more similar with age in asymptomatic subjects, with CAC appearing around seven years before AVC . studies are divided over whether male gender is also a risk factor for AVC 105,106,107,108,109 . Although there are associations of conventional risk factors with AVC presence in both symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, there is no consistency among studies.…”

Section: Aortic Valvementioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between coronary and valve calcification: Review of current evidence

Nicoll¹

2015

ICFJ

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We carried out a review of the correlation between calcification of different arteries and valves and their risk factors to determine the extent of the association. We found a strong correlation between calcification presence, extent and progression between different arterial beds and the aortic valve, suggesting that calcification is a systemic diffuse disease, affecting the arterial tree as a whole. Despite this strong association, a comparison between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and calcification of other arteries may not be strictly valid, since only intimal calcification is seen in the coronary artery while other arteries may also contain medial calcification, with current scanning modalities being incapable of detecting the difference. Furthermore the pathogenesis of each type may be different.Calcification seems to appear first in the coronary artery in younger adults but may be more prevalent in the aorta in the elderly, although the incidence is notably higher in the abdominal aorta among women. Mitral annulus calcification (MAC) occurs less frequently than aortic valve calcification (AVC) in asymptomatic subjects only. MAC is correlated with calcification of the aorta and advanced MAC is found with higher CAC but there is little relationship with AVC and calcification of other arterial beds. As with the coronary artery, in the aorta and aortic valve, calcium begets calcium. Although age, male gender and possibly systolic hypertension are most frequently associated with arterial calcification, there is little consistency for other conventional risk factors and MAC andabdominal aortic calcification may be more prevalent among postmenopausal women. When the presence of CAC is factored in as a risk factor for calcification of the other arteries, multivariate analysis shows no additional significant risk factors except age.Although AVC has been viewed as a cardiac manifestation of atherosclerosis, we found little evidence to suggest that this is also true of MAC.

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Plasma osteopontin as a predictor of coronary artery disease: association with echocardiographic characteristics of atherosclerosis

Abdel-Azeez

Al-Zaky

2010

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Osteopontin (OPN), a bone-related protein, is present within the atherosclerotic plaques, most strikingly in calcified plaques. Valvular calcifications are accepted as a part of the spectrum of atherosclerosis and are associated with atherosclerotic calcification in the coronary arteries. The study aimed to evaluate the association of plasma OPN with the presence and extent of coronary stenosis, mitral annular calcification (MAC), and aortic valve sclerosis in stable angina patients. We studied 120 subjects who underwent coronary angiography because of ischemic chest pain. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as > or = 50% stenosis in > or = 1 coronary artery. MAC and aortic valve sclerosis were detected by echocardiography. Lipid profile, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and OPN were measured in all studied subjects. Patients with CAD had increased plasma OPN when compared with those without CAD (P < 0.001). Plasma OPN levels were significantly positively correlated with atherogenic lipid profile, hsCRP, MAC grading, aortic valve sclerosis grading, and the number of stenosed coronary vessels in CAD patients. In multivariate analysis, OPN was an independent predictor of CAD (P = 0.01), MAC (P = 0.01), and aortic valve sclerosis (P = 0.04). In conclusion, OPN is an independent predictor of MAC and aortic valve sclerosis. Plasma OPN levels reflect the extent of coronary stenosis and can be used as a biomarker to identify patients with coronary atherosclerosis.

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Relation of thoracic aortic and aortic valve calcium to coronary artery calcium and risk assessment

Cited by 75 publications

References 22 publications

Risk factors for coronary, aortic arch and carotid calcification; The Rotterdam Study

Risk factors for coronary, aortic arch and carotid calcification; The Rotterdam Study

Correlation between coronary and valve calcification: Review of current evidence

Plasma osteopontin as a predictor of coronary artery disease: association with echocardiographic characteristics of atherosclerosis

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