Relation of Tobacco Mosaic Virus to the Host Cells

Esau, Katherine; Cronshaw, James

doi:10.1083/jcb.33.3.665

Cited by 126 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The larger inclusions were mainly found associated with the X bodies or viroplasms typical of TMV infection (Fig. 1A), which contain rod-like structures that have been described previously and that are structurally and serologically different from TMV particles (8,11). The smaller inclusions were generally distributed elsewhere in the cytoplasm.…”

Section: Structural Features and Localization In Infected Cells Of Rnsupporting

confidence: 60%

An Umbraviral Protein, Involved in Long-Distance RNA Movement, Binds Viral RNA and Forms Unique, Protective Ribonucleoprotein Complexes

Taliansky¹,

Roberts²,

Калинина³

et al. 2003

J Virol

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Umbraviruses are different from most other viruses in that they do not encode a conventional capsid protein (CP); therefore, no recognizable virus particles are formed in infected plants. Their lack of a CP is compensated for by the ORF3 protein, which fulfils functions that are provided by the CPs of other viruses, such as protection and long-distance movement of viral RNA. When the Groundnut rosette virus (GRV) ORF3 protein was expressed from Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in place of the TMV CP [⌻MV(ORF3)], in infected cells it interacted with the TMV RNA to form filamentous ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that had elements of helical structure but were not as uniform as classical virions. These RNP particles were observed in amorphous inclusions in the cytoplasm, where they were embedded within an electron-dense matrix material. The inclusions were detected in all types of cells and were abundant in phloem-associated cells, in particular companion cells and immature sieve elements. RNP-containing complexes similar in appearance to the inclusions were isolated from plants infected with ⌻MV(ORF3) or with GRV itself. In vitro, the ORF3 protein formed oligomers and bound RNA in a manner consistent with its role in the formation of RNP complexes. It is suggested that the cytoplasmic RNP complexes formed by the ORF3 protein serve to protect viral RNA and may be the form in which it moves through the phloem. Thus, the RNP particles detected here represent a novel structure which may be used by umbraviruses as an alternative to classical virions.

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Section: Structural Features and Localization In Infected Cells Of Rnsupporting

confidence: 60%

An Umbraviral Protein, Involved in Long-Distance RNA Movement, Binds Viral RNA and Forms Unique, Protective Ribonucleoprotein Complexes

Taliansky¹,

Roberts²,

Калинина³

et al. 2003

J Virol

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“…If meristematic cells were infected by the virus, subsequent cell division would result in a population of cells carrying the virus, a11 of which would be susceptible to impaired photosynthesis. In expanding, as well as in developed, leaves the virus also spreads from cell to cell through plasmodesmata (Esau and Cronshaw, 1967;Hull, 1989) to produce expanding patches of tissue with increasing chloroplast malfunctions as virus replication continues. In the expanding leaves studied here, systemic infection that leads to symptom development probably involves both paths for the spread of the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Two Strains of Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen Partitioning in Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi during Photoacclimation under Two Nitrogen Nutrition Regimes

1994

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~ ~Photoacclimation was studied in tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) infected with two strains of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and grown under different light and nitrogen nutrition regimes. Photosynthetic acclimation measured by the quantum yield and the maximum rate in saturating light of C02-saturated photosynthesis was impaired to a greater extent in tobacco leaves infected with TMV strain PV230 than in those infected with TMV strain PV42. lnfection with TMV strain PV230 severely impaired photosynthetic acclimation at high light/low nitrogen and during transfer from low to high light. Expanding leaves showingchloroticmosaic symptoms had greatly reduced capacity to acclimate to high light compared with controls and with developed leaves without visible symptoms. We conclude that the failure of expanding leaves to acclimate was largely due to the destruction of chloroplasts in yellow areas of the tissue, accompanied by severe reduction in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase levels, and corresponding reduction in photosynthesis on a leaf-area basis. When corrected for areas of healthy green tissue, photoacclimation of infected leaves was the same as that of controls. Visible symptom development was greatest in high light/low nitrogen treatments. In developed leaves without visible symptoms, virus accumulation, which was as extensive as in expanding leaves, accelerated senescence and impaired photoacclimation during transfer from low light to high light. Cenerally, infection with TMV strain PV42 did not impair photosynthetic acclimation and even enhanced it in some treatments, even though virus accumulated to the same concentration as in PV230-infected leaves. These data show that TMV does not simply impair photoacclimation in tobacco by competing with chloroplasts for leaf nitrogen reserves. Rather, specific properties of severe strains, such as PV230, which lead to visible symptom development and patchy loss of photosynthetic activity in expanding leaves as well as general acceleration of chloroplast senescence in developed leaves, contribute to impaired ' Supported by Duke University and U.S. Department of Agriculture grant 90-37280-5612 to C.B.O.

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“…1B and Fig. S5F) and by analogy with the cytopathology of plants infected by TMV (19), they may represent the sites for virus replication. Despite the ultrastructural changes and accumulation of mature virions, the overall load of TMV RNA in C71 tissues seems relatively poor if compared with that of infected plants (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene silencing and gene expression in phytopathogenic fungi using a plant virus vector

Mascia

Nigro

Abdallah

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful approach for elucidating gene functions in a variety of organisms, including phytopathogenic fungi. In such fungi, RNAi has been induced by expressing hairpin RNAs delivered through plasmids, sequences integrated in fungal or plant genomes, or by RNAi generated in planta by a plant virus infection. All these approaches have some drawbacks ranging from instability of hairpin constructs in fungal cells to difficulties in preparing and handling transgenic plants to silence homologous sequences in fungi grown on these plants. Here we show that RNAi can be expressed in the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum acutatum (strain C71) by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) without a plant intermediate, but by using the direct infection of a recombinant virus vector based on the plant virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). We provide evidence that a wild-type isolate of TMV is able to enter C71 cells grown in liquid medium, replicate, and persist therein. With a similar approach, a recombinant TMV vector carrying a gene for the ectopic expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) induced the stable silencing of the GFP in the C. acutatum transformant line 10 expressing GFP derived from C71. The TMV-based vector also enabled C. acutatum to transiently express exogenous GFP up to six subcultures and for at least 2 mo after infection, without the need to develop transformation technology. With these characteristics, we anticipate this approach will find wider application as a tool in functional genomics of filamentous fungi.transfection | plant pathogen adaptation | host species jump

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Relation of Tobacco Mosaic Virus to the Host Cells

Cited by 126 publications

References 13 publications

An Umbraviral Protein, Involved in Long-Distance RNA Movement, Binds Viral RNA and Forms Unique, Protective Ribonucleoprotein Complexes

An Umbraviral Protein, Involved in Long-Distance RNA Movement, Binds Viral RNA and Forms Unique, Protective Ribonucleoprotein Complexes

Effects of Two Strains of Tobacco Mosaic Virus on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Nitrogen Partitioning in Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi during Photoacclimation under Two Nitrogen Nutrition Regimes

Gene silencing and gene expression in phytopathogenic fungi using a plant virus vector

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