Relational alterity: Constructing dungan (hui), uygur, and Kazakh identities across china, central Asia, and Turkey

Genetic variation in the enigmatic Altaian Kazakhs of South‐Central Russia: Insights into Turkic population history

“…The predecessors of the Altaian Kazakhs apparently emerged when groups from the Kerei tribe of the Middle Horde migrated into northwestern China and western Mongolia from central Kazakhstan in the 18th century (Golden, 1992). These groups subsequently established a seasonal nomadic life-style in the Altai-Sayan region, Xinjiang, and western Mongolia (Gladney, 1996). It is possible that, under the pressure of Russian migrations into traditionally Kazakh lands in the 19th century, other Kazakh groups may have been forced to follow the initial example of the Kerei tribe.…”

“…Until the late 19th century, Altaian Kazakhs maintained a traditional, seminomadic, way of life, and remained relatively isolated from neighboring indigenous groups within south Siberia (Konovalov, 1986;Gladney, 1996;Oktiabrskaya, 1997). After a frontier treaty between China and Russia was established in 1864, many tribes became sedentary and abandoned their traditional nomadic way of life (Samaev, 1991).…”

“…This political division also divided the Altaian Kazakhs into separate clans, which now reside in remote mountainous parts of northern China, Mongolia, and the Altai Republic (Konovalov, 1986;Derevianko et al, 1994). Nevertheless, most Kazakh families in the region continue to live in yurts and move their herds seasonally, and appear to maintain some contact with other Kazakhs groups in south Siberia (Derevianko et al, 1994;Gladney, 1996;Oktiabrskaya, 1997).…”

Globalization, China’s drive for world-class universities (211 Project) and the challenges of ethnic minority higher education: the case of Yanbian university

“…The Chinese constitution provides that minorities shall have the freedom of cultural practice, including using their spoken and written native languages, though all minorities must also learn Mandarin Chinese, China's official language (Sharpes 1993). In spite of the policies promoting such ethnic autonomy, studies indicate that there are problems with ethnic relations in China, as demonstrated by recent conflicts between Han Chinese and Uyghurs in Xinjiang (Bovingdon 2004a(Bovingdon , b, 2002 and between Han Chinese and Chinese Muslims (Gladney 2003;Gladney 1998Gladney , 1996a. Furthermore, cultural bias in curricula (Alles 2003;Lamontagne 1999;Lin 1997Lin , 2008Postiglione 2000Postiglione , 1999Postiglion et al 2006;Postiglione et al 2004), lagging educational access, and the limited achievement and social mobility of ethnic minorities all point to persistent ethnic tension in the education sphere (Gladney 1999;Lamontagne 1999;Lin 2008;Macpherson and Beckett 2008;Wang 2008).…”

The Art of Neighbouring. Making Relations Across China's Borders

“…The first two rows of the Kitai Bazaar are always busy with wholesale clients arriving from 15 Dungan is an ethnonym commonly used in the former Soviet Union since 1924 for Muslim Chinese groups that are known as Hui or huizu (回族) in China. Sizeable Dungan communities living in south-eastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan, claim ancestry to Hui refugees from Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, who fled the Qing Empire after turmoil in the late 19 th century (Gladney, 1996, Ding 2005, Allès 2005). …”