Relational discrimination of intermediate size in the chimpanzee.

Transposition in pigeons: reassessing spence (1937) with multiple discrimination training

“…Additional evidence from different kinds of discrimination training procedures (e.g., Gonzalez, Gentry, & Bitterman, 1954;Lawrence & DeRivera, 1954) is also cited in support of relational responding.…”

The long and the short of it: Rule-based relative length discrimination in carrion crows, Corvus corone

“…When Spence (1942) investigated the responses of chimpanzees on an "intermediate size problem" the animals seemed to respond on the basis of the absolute properties of the stimulus rather than the relative ones. Gonzalez et al (1954) extended Spence's study and used a broader range of stimuli. A preference for the middle-sized stimuli suggesting preference for the relative properties was detected, but repeated test trials with the same two stimulus sets can not exclude that specific length configurations might have been learned by the chimpanzee.…”

A model for adaptation-level effects on stimulus generalization.

“…The literature on these two opposed views of discrimination learning is voluminous and is not reviewed here. Suffice it to say that some phenomena, for example, transposition following training on the intermediate size problem (see Gonzalez, Gentry, & Bitterman, 1954), are only amenable to a relational interpretation. It is not as obvious that a relational approach can also be applied to the interpretation of generalization following single stimulus training.…”