Relational Integration in the Human Brain: A Review and Synthesis

Holyoak, Keith J.; Monti, Martin M.

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01619

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(188 reference statements)

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“…To further probe the relationship between these sulci and reasoning, we performed a follow-up analysis with a measure of phonological working memory (Digit Span Forwards) as another point of comparison. Like processing speed, working memory is a general cognitive ability that is correlated with—and theorized to support—reasoning 35 , 78 . As predicted based on the literature, our measures of reasoning and working memory were correlated (rho = 0.58; Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive insights from tertiary sulci in prefrontal cortex

et al. 2021

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The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is disproportionately expanded in humans compared to non-human primates, although the relationship between LPFC brain structures and uniquely human cognitive skills is largely unknown. Here, we test the relationship between variability in LPFC tertiary sulcal morphology and reasoning scores in a cohort of children and adolescents. Using a data-driven approach in independent discovery and replication samples, we show that the depth of specific LPFC tertiary sulci is associated with individual differences in reasoning scores beyond age. To expedite discoveries in future neuroanatomical-behavioral studies, we share tertiary sulcal definitions with the field. These findings support a classic but largely untested theory linking the protracted development of tertiary sulci to late-developing cognitive processes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive insights from tertiary sulci in prefrontal cortex

et al. 2021

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“…Over the past decades, several neuroimaging studies have explored the neural substrates of deductive reasoning in adults (Holyoak & Monti, 2021;Prado, Chadha, & Booth, 2011;Wendelken, Ferrer, Whitaker, & Bunge, 2016). These studies have often led to inconsistent results.…”

Section: Neurocognitive Basis Of Deductive Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive basis of deductive reasoning in children varies with parental education

Demir-Lira

Prado

Booth

2021

Human Brain Mapping

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The neurocognitive basis of elementary academic skills varies with parental socioeconomic status (SES). Little is known, however, about SES-related differences underlying higher-order cognitive skills that are critical for school success, such as reasoning.Here we used fMRI to examine how the neurocognitive basis of deductive reasoning varies as a function of parental education in school-aged children. Higher parental education was associated with greater reliance on the left inferior frontal gyrus when solving set-inclusion problems, consistent with other work suggesting that these problems might more heavily rely on verbal systems in the brain. In addition, children who are at the lower end of the parental education continuum, but have higher nonverbal skills relied on right parietal areas to a greater degree than their peers for solving set-inclusion problems. Finally, lower parental education children with higher verbal or nonverbal skill engaged dorsolateral prefrontal regions to a greater degree for set-inclusion and linear-order relations than their peers. These findings suggest that children with lower parental education rely on spatial and cognitive control mechanisms to achieve parity with their peers with parents who have more education. Better understanding variability in the neurocognitive networks that children recruit as a function of their parental factors might benefit future individualized interventions that best match children's characteristics.

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“…The conclusion of the argument has a logical complexity of 1, and its minor premise has 0 logical complexity. The strategy of Osherson 28 , Monti 12 , 27 , 29 , 30 and Coetzee 31 , 32 was to study the neural effect of amplifying logical complexity in reasoning tasks while maintaining the same relational complexity. In this regard, the cerebral correlates of logical complexity are experimentally identified and dissociated from semantic content processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain electrical traits of logical validity

Salto

Requena

Merino

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Neuroscience has studied deductive reasoning over the last 20 years under the assumption that deductive inferences are not only de jure but also de facto distinct from other forms of inference. The objective of this research is to verify if logically valid deductions leave any cerebral electrical trait that is distinct from the trait left by non-valid deductions. 23 subjects with an average age of 20.35 years were registered with MEG and placed into a two conditions paradigm (100 trials for each condition) which each presented the exact same relational complexity (same variables and content) but had distinct logical complexity. Both conditions show the same electromagnetic components (P3, N4) in the early temporal window (250–525 ms) and P6 in the late temporal window (500–775 ms). The significant activity in both valid and invalid conditions is found in sensors from medial prefrontal regions, probably corresponding to the ACC or to the medial prefrontal cortex. The amplitude and intensity of valid deductions is significantly lower in both temporal windows (p = 0.0003). The reaction time was 54.37% slower in the valid condition. Validity leaves a minimal but measurable hypoactive electrical trait in brain processing. The minor electrical demand is attributable to the recursive and automatable character of valid deductions, suggesting a physical indicator of computational deductive properties. It is hypothesized that all valid deductions are recursive and hypoactive.

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Relational Integration in the Human Brain: A Review and Synthesis

Cited by 35 publications

References 134 publications

Cognitive insights from tertiary sulci in prefrontal cortex

Cognitive insights from tertiary sulci in prefrontal cortex

Neurocognitive basis of deductive reasoning in children varies with parental education

Brain electrical traits of logical validity

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