Relational model of the standard genetic code

Konjevoda, Paško; Štambuk, Nikola

doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104529

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Simultaneously, besides the Standard Genetic Code table, there are also more than 30 alternative nuclear and mitochondrial genetic codes. There are many aspects of SGC in the recent literature, but without complete physicochemical symmetries between codons [33,35,36,55,[58][59][60][61]107].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolution of the genetic code and life on Earth was a scientific challenge for many scientists, with interesting results, but without discovering complete physicochemical genetic code symmetries [2,33,35,44,46,48,49,[58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

Section: The Supersymmetry Genetic Code Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the third base in codons does not differentiate among sixteen codon boxes in the Standard Genetic Code table and cannot fully contribute to the discovery of physicochemical symmetries of genetic code. This has, to this day, contributed to the problem of many studies based on the Standard Genetic Code table with a UCAG ordering of the third base [55,60,61,. For example, the hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of amino acids have some symmetry relationship only with the second base of [44].…”

Section: During Sixty Years What Has Hindered the Discovery Of Comple...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Evolution of Life Is a Road Paved with the DNA Quadruplet Symmetry and the Supersymmetry Genetic Code

Rosandić

Paar

2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Symmetries have not been completely determined and explained from the discovery of the DNA structure in 1953 and the genetic code in 1961. We show, during 10 years of investigation and research, our discovery of the Supersymmetry Genetic Code table in the form of 2 × 8 codon boxes, quadruplet DNA symmetries, and the classification of trinucleotides/codons, all built with the same physiochemical double mirror symmetry and Watson–Crick pairing. We also show that single-stranded RNA had the complete code of life in the form of the Supersymmetry Genetic Code table simultaneously with instructions of codons’ relationship as to how to develop the DNA molecule on the principle of Watson–Crick pairing. We show that the same symmetries between the genetic code and DNA quadruplet are highly conserved during the whole evolution even between phylogenetically distant organisms. In this way, decreasing disorder and entropy enabled the evolution of living beings up to sophisticated species with cognitive features. Our hypothesis that all twenty amino acids are necessary for the origin of life on the Earth, which entirely changes our view on evolution, confirms the evidence of organic natural amino acids from the extra-terrestrial asteroid Ryugu, which is nearly as old as our solar system.

show abstract