Relations Among Circulating Monocytes, Dendritic Cells, and Bacterial Translocation in Patients With Intestinal Obstruction

Shiomi, Hiroya; Shimizu, Tomoharu; Endo, Yuichi; Murata, Satoshi; Kurumi, Yoshimasa; Uji, Yoshitaka; Tani, Tohru

doi:10.1007/s00268-007-9110-7

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Results from animal models and patient studies indicated that enteric bacterial overgrowth and microfloral ecological changes may contribute to the influx of enteric bacteria [4,8,25]. Abnormal epithelial permeability and downregulated immunity also played crucial roles in the mechanism of enhanced BT [5,16,26]. We and others showed that IO induced compartmentalized changes in mucosal histology, epithelial permeability and bacterial overgrowth, confined to the distal small intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with mechanical bowel obstruction are of increased risk of septicemia which results in high rates of mortality [1,2]. The septic complications are associated with gut barrier dysfunction, and entry of gut microorganisms and bacterial products [4,5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest number of bacteria is found in the colon with a gradual decrease in upper bowel segments. In obstructed guts, massive quantity of bacteria and antigens penetrates into extraintestinal organs, which is termed bacterial translocation (BT) [4,5,8-10]. Changes in gut microfloral population have been implicated in the mechanism of BT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of myosin light chain kinase in intestinal epithelial barrier defects in a rat model of bowel obstruction

et al. 2010

BMC Gastroenterol

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BackgroundBowel obstruction is a common cause of abdominal emergency, since the patients are at increased risk of septicemia resulting in high mortality rate. While the compartmentalized changes in enteric microfloral population and augmentation of bacterial translocation (BT) have already been reported using experimental obstruction models, alterations in epithelial permeability of the obstructed guts has not been studied in detail. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is actively involved in the contraction of epithelial perijunctional actinomyosin ring and thereby increases paracellular permeability. In the current study we attempt to investigate the role of MLCK in epithelial barrier defects using a rat model of simple mechanical obstruction.MethodsWistar rats received intraperitoneal injection of ML-7 (a MLCK inhibitor) or vehicle at 24, 12 and 1 hrs before and 12 hrs after intestinal obstruction (IO). The distal small intestine was obstructed with a single ligature placed 10 cm proximal to the ileocecal junction in IO rats for 24 hrs. Sham-operated rats served as controls.ResultsMucosal injury, such as villous blunting and increased crypt/villus ratio, was observed in the distal small intestine of IO rats. Despite massive enterocyte shedding, intestinal villi were covered with a contiguous epithelial layer without cell apoptosis. Increased transmural macromolecular flux was noticed in the distal small intestine and the proximal colon after IO. The bacterial colony forming units in the spleen and liver of IO rats were significantly higher than those of sham controls. Addition of ML-7 ameliorated the IO-triggered epithelial MLC phosphorylation, mucosal injury and macromolecular flux, but not the level of BT.ConclusionsThe results suggest that IO-induced premature enterocytic sloughing and enhanced paracellular antigenic flux were mediated by epithelial MLCK activation. In addition, enteric bacteria may undergo transcytotic routes other than paracellular paths to cross the epithelium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of myosin light chain kinase in intestinal epithelial barrier defects in a rat model of bowel obstruction

et al. 2010

BMC Gastroenterol

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“…11,12 Intestinal permeability changes are associated with higher BT levels and sepsis. 11,13 Local immune response and cytokines modulate intestinal permeability and BT to avoid increased inflammation. [14][15][16] Thus, the host immune response plays a major factor in the overall process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment With Citrulline Improves Gut Barrier After Intestinal Obstruction in Mice

Batista

Nicoli

Martins

et al. 2011

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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“…The concept of bacterial translocation (BT) leading to systemic sepsis has been supported by several experimental studies4–8 and some clinical studies,9–12 such as when the host is immunocompromised or critically ill. Conditions associated with splanchnic hypoperfusion, such as hemorrhagic shock and intestinal ischemia, result in the gut becoming a cytokine-generating organ, which is followed by intestinal mucosal injury and loss of gut-barrier function 13,14…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenteric Microcirculatory Dysfunctions and Translocation of Indigenous Bacteria in a Rat Model of Strangulated Small Bowel Obstruction

Zanoni

Benabou

Greco

et al. 2009

Clinics

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PRUPOSE Bacterial translocation has been shown to occur in critically ill patients after extensive trauma, shock, sepsis, or thermal injury. The present study investigates mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunctions, the bacterial translocation phenomenon, and hemodynamic/metabolic disturbances in a rat model of intestinal obstruction and ischemia.METHODSAnesthetized (pentobarbital 50 mg/kg, i.p.) male Wistar rats (250–350 g) were submitted to intestinal obstruction or laparotomy without intestinal obstruction (Sham) and were evaluated 24 hours later. Bacterial translocation was assessed by bacterial culture of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, spleen, and blood. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions in the mesenteric microcirculation were assessed by intravital microscopy, and P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expressions were quantified by immunohistochemistry. Hematocrit, blood gases, lactate, glucose, white blood cells, serum urea, creatinine, bilirubin, and hepatic enzymes were measured.RESULTSAbout 86% of intestinal obstruction rats presented positive cultures for E. coli in samples of the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, and 57% had positive hemocultures. In comparison to the Sham rats, intestinal obstruction induced neutrophilia and increased the number of rolling (~2-fold), adherent (~5-fold), and migrated leukocytes (~11-fold); this increase was accompanied by an increased expression of P-selectin (~2-fold) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (~2-fold) in the mesenteric microcirculation. Intestinal obstruction rats exhibited decreased PaCO2, alkalosis, hyperlactatemia, and hyperglycemia, and increased blood potassium, hepatic enzyme activity, serum urea, creatinine, and bilirubin. A high mortality rate was observed after intestinal obstruction (83% at 72 h vs. 0% in Sham rats).CONCLUSIONIntestinal obstruction and ischemia in rats is a relevant model for the in vivo study of mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunction and the occurrence of bacterial translocation. This model parallels the events implicated in multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) and death.

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Relations Among Circulating Monocytes, Dendritic Cells, and Bacterial Translocation in Patients With Intestinal Obstruction

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Role of myosin light chain kinase in intestinal epithelial barrier defects in a rat model of bowel obstruction

Role of myosin light chain kinase in intestinal epithelial barrier defects in a rat model of bowel obstruction

Pretreatment With Citrulline Improves Gut Barrier After Intestinal Obstruction in Mice

Mesenteric Microcirculatory Dysfunctions and Translocation of Indigenous Bacteria in a Rat Model of Strangulated Small Bowel Obstruction

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