Relations Among Performance and Symptom Validity, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Burden in Postdeployment Veterans

Shura, Robert D.; Yoash-Gantz, Ruth E.; Pickett, Treven C.; McDonald, Scott D.; Tupler, Larry A.

doi:10.1007/s12207-021-09415-z

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…During the past few decades, many embedded and freestanding PVTs have been developed, validated, researched, and adapted for use in the forensic context (Boone, 2013;Rogers & Bender, 2018). Well-known examples of PVTs are the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM; Tombaugh, 1996) and Word Memory Test (WMT; Green et al, 1996), among free-standing measures, and the Reliable Digit Span (RDS) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (e.g., Axelrod et al, 2006;Babikian et al, 2006;Erdodi & Abeare, 2020;Greiffenstein et al, 1994;Reese et al, 2012) and Forced Choice Recognition Trial of the California Verbal Learning Test (Erdodi et al, 2018;Greve et al, 2009;Slick et al, 2000;Wolfe et al, 2010), among embedded measures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Negative Response Bias Using Self-Report Measures: New Articles, New Issues

Giromini

Young

Sellbom

2022

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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In psychological injury and related forensic evaluations, two types of tests are commonly used to assess Negative Response Bias (NRB): Symptom Validity Tests (SVTs) and Performance Validity Tests (PVTs). SVTs assess the credibility of self-reported symptoms, whereas PVTs assess the credibility of observed performance on cognitive tasks. Compared to the large and ever-growing number of published PVTs, there are still relatively few validated self-report SVTs available to professionals for assessing symptom validity. In addition, while several studies have examined how to combine and integrate the results of multiple independent PVTs, there are few studies to date that have addressed the combination and integration of information obtained from multiple self-report SVTs. The Special Issue of Psychological Injury and Law introduced in this article aims to help fill these gaps in the literature by providing readers with detailed information about the convergent and incremental validity, strengths and weaknesses, and applicability of a number of selected measures of NRB under different conditions and in different assessment contexts. Each of the articles in this Special Issue focuses on a particular self-report SVT or set of SVTs and summarizes their conditions of use, strengths, weaknesses, and possible cut scores and relative hit rates. Here, we review the psychometric properties of the 19 selected SVTs and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we make tentative proposals for the field to consider regarding the number of SVTs to be used in an assessment, the number of SVT failures required to invalidate test results, and the issue of redundancy when selecting multiple SVTs for an assessment.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Negative Response Bias Using Self-Report Measures: New Articles, New Issues

Giromini

Young

Sellbom

2022

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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“…Erdodi, Green, et al, 2019). In addition, using the WMT (or its briefer sister measure, the Medical Symptom Validity Test (Green, 2004) at standard cutoffs as the sole criterion measure is established practice in PVT research (C. Berger et al, 2021;Denning, 2012Denning, , 2021Larrabee et al, 2019;Miskey et al, 2020;Shura et al, 2016Shura et al, , 2017Shura et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A large-scale investigation of the classification accuracy of various performance validity tests in a medical-legal setting.

Rai,

Gervais,

Erdodi

2023

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the classification accuracy of various free-standing and embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) administered in a medical-legal setting. Method: Archival data were analyzed from 4,721 adults (M Age = 42.3 years; M Education = 12.0) referred for psychological or neuropsychological assessments in a medical-legal or civil disability context. Classification accuracy was compared at multiple cutoffs on nine PVTs of interest (three free-standing and six embedded), using the Word Memory Test as criterion. Results: Most previously published PVT cutoffs achieved acceptable specificity. Freestanding PVTs demonstrated better classification accuracy than embedded validity indicators. Conclusions: Results support the utility of commonly used free-standing and embedded PVTs with medical-legal or forensic civil disability samples. The findings highlight the importance of combining multiple PVTs to improve overall classification accuracy. Public Significance StatementThe utility of performance validity tests is typically evaluated in relatively small samples (n: 100-150), and results tend to fluctuate across clinical characteristics and settings. Large scale investigations are needed to evaluate the generalizability of findings.

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“…Notably, it is established that symptom validity and performance validity are separate constructs with varying degrees of interrelatedness depending on the clinical population (Gervais et al, 2007;Larrabee, 2012;Leib et al, 2021;White et al, 2020aWhite et al, , 2020b. In this issue, Shura et al (2021) further expanded the current understanding of how symptom and performance validity are dissociable in veteran populations with mild traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder.…”

Section: Special Issue Focus: Future Directions For Pvt Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, the 1990s ushered in a greatly renewed interest in performance validity assessment within the field of clinical neuropsychology along with burgeoning research on validating/cross-validating various PVTs (e.g., more than 300 publications on PVTs from 1990PVTs from to 2007Boone, 2007). Indeed, it was during this time that some of the most commonly-administered and well-known PVTs were published, such as the Word Memory Test (Green et al, 1996), Test of Memory Malingering (Tombaugh, 1996), Victoria Symptom Validity Test (Slick et al, 1997), and Reliable Digit Span (Greiffenstein et al, 1994). In addition, standardized criteria for identifying malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (Slick et al, 1999) were introduced and included central roles for performance validity testing equivalents (the term had yet to be created at that time).…”

Section: History Of Pvtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Directions in Performance Validity Assessment to Optimize Detection of Invalid Neuropsychological Test Performance: Special Issue Introduction

Soble

2021

Psychol. Inj. and Law

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Relations Among Performance and Symptom Validity, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Burden in Postdeployment Veterans

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Assessing Negative Response Bias Using Self-Report Measures: New Articles, New Issues

Assessing Negative Response Bias Using Self-Report Measures: New Articles, New Issues

A large-scale investigation of the classification accuracy of various performance validity tests in a medical-legal setting.

Future Directions in Performance Validity Assessment to Optimize Detection of Invalid Neuropsychological Test Performance: Special Issue Introduction

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