Relations among peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis

Lensvelt-Mulders, Gerty; Hart, Onno van der; Ochten, Jacobien M. van; Son, Maarten J. M. van; Steele, Kathy; Breeman, Linda D.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2008.03.006

Cited by 150 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The contributions of peritraumatic dissociation and ASD symptoms to PTSD are similar to those previously reported in review articles 19,46 and meta-analyses 13,47 that underline the important relation between peritraumatic dissociation and subsequent symptoms, arguing that dissociation is the best predictor of PTSD 13 , in contrast to other studies that have not found this relationship 14 .…”

Section: Sex Differences In Symptomscontrasting

confidence: 50%

Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em vítimas de acidentes rodoviários graves: análise de fatores preditores

Pires¹,

Maia²

2013

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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Background: Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are traumatic experiences that are related to psychological disorders as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Peritraumatic dissociation and acute stress disorder (ASD) have been studied as predictors of PTSD. Studies have also found that women report more psychological symptoms after traumatic experiences than do men. Objective: Analyze the explanatory contribution of peritraumatic dissociative experiences, ASD symptoms and gender toward the subsequent development of PTSD. Method: One hundred twenty-four male and female victims of serious MVA were evaluated at the hospital (t1) and four months after the MVA (t2). Participants completed a peritraumatic dissociative experiences questionnaire (PDEQ) (t1), a questionnaire used to evaluate ASD (SASRQ) (t1) and a traumatic event scale (RTES) used to evaluate PTSD (t2). Results: Of the studied population, 64.5% report ASD (t1) and 58.9% report PTSD (t2). Peritraumatic dissociation and ASD symptoms are positively correlated with PTSD symptoms. Females report more peritraumatic dissociation, ASD and PTSD than do males. Peritraumatic dissociation, ASD and gender (female) explain 26.8% of the observed variance in PTSD symptoms (t2), with gender contributing only marginally to the model. Discussion: A high rate of MVA victims report PTSD, and peritraumatic responses predict the subsequent development of PTSD, suggesting the need to consider these predictors in methods for the prevention of psychopathology.

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Section: Sex Differences In Symptomscontrasting

confidence: 50%

Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em vítimas de acidentes rodoviários graves: análise de fatores preditores

Pires¹,

Maia²

2013

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

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“…The importance of PD in predicting PTSD among these Palestinian children concurs with adult survivors of war and peace-time traumas (Lensvelt-Mulders et al, 2008; Thomas et al, 2012) but differs from some findings among children exposed to single peace-time trauma (Dalgleish et al, 2008). The importance of PD as a severe risk for PTSD symptoms among war-affected Palestinian children may lie in the chronicity of life threat and adversities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Research suggests pre-, peri-, and post-trauma responses to be decisive for the development of PTSD (Olff et al, 2015), with acute stress disorder (ASD) and peritraumatic dissociation (PD) playing an important role (Kassam-Adams et al, 2012). Among adults there is evidence about PD predicting PTSD (for a meta-analysis, see Lensvelt-Mulders et al, 2008; Ozer, Best, Lipsey, & Weiss, 2003), especially in the short run (Thomas, Saumier, & Brunet, 2012; van der Velden & Wittman, 2008). Yet, among children and adolescents evidence is very limited and findings are inconclusive, as some research among young vehicle-accident survivors has confirmed that PD forms a severe risk for PTSD (Bui et al, 2010), while others showed minor importance (Dalgleish et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

Peltonen

Kangaslampi

Saranpää³

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Among adults there is strong evidence about peritraumatic dissociation (PD) predicting posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet evidence among children is very limited. It has been suggested that disturbances in memory functioning might explain the association between PD and PTSD, but this has not yet been empirically tested. Objective: We aimed to test the hypotheses that greater PD would be associated with more posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and that some of this association would be mediated by disorganized and non-verbal memories about the traumatic event. Method: The sample included 197 Palestinian children (10–12-years) living in the Gaza Strip, participating in the aftermath of the 2008/9 war. Self-report questionnaires were used to measure PD (Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire) three months post-war, as well as trauma-related memory (Trauma Memory Quality Questionnaire) and PTSD symptoms (Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale) six months later. Exposure to war trauma was assessed by a checklist. Structural equation modelling was used to examine direct and indirect paths from PD to posttraumatic PTSS, controlling for number of traumatic war events. Results: Structural equation modelling results showed that greater self-reported PD predicted higher levels of PTSS nine months post-war, and that a significant part, but not all, of this relationship was mediated via the quality of trauma-related memories. Conclusions: This study provided empirical evidence that, among war-affected children, greater PD during traumatic events is linked with higher levels of PTSD symptoms several months later, even when accounting for their personal exposure to war trauma. Further, the study supported the idea that the detrimental effects of dissociation during a traumatic event may be due to dysfunctional memories characterized by disorganization and lack of access to verbal and coherence. Further tests of these hypotheses with larger samples and more points of measurement are called for.

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“…4 По данным эпидемиологического исследования СИНТЕЗ, диссоциативные расстройства в онкологии встречаются в 19,7% случаев, в то время как при кардиологических и дерматологических заболеваниях -в 4,4 и 2,4% соответственно [31,32]. Зарубежные авторы [33,34] также указывают на частую коморбидность диссоциативных расстройств и онкологических заболеваний. следования все пациенты проходили стационарное или амбулаторное лечение (получали лучевую и/или химиоте-рапию либо находились в пред-или послеоперационном периоде хирургического лечения онкологического забо-левания).…”

Section: материал и методыunclassified

Stress-induced dissociation in the trajectory of schizotypal personality disorder (on the model of nosogenias in oncologic patients)

Ab¹,

Ivanov²,

Miasnikova³

et al. 2014

Z. nevrol. psikhiatr. im. S.S. Korsakova

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Среди провоцированных психогенным стрессом пси-хических нарушений диссоциативные расстройства зани-мают одно из ведущих мест.На современном уровне знаний анализ этих рас-стройств в исследованиях, ориентированных на первич-ность стрессорного воздействия, проводится на базе мо-дели перитравматической диссоциации [1][2][3] Цель исследования. Связанные со стрессом диссоциативные расстройства (ДР) отличаются высокой распространенностью в психиатрии и общей медицине, однако психопатологическая дифференциация ДР и вклад расстройств личности в их формирование остаются малоизученными. Цель исследования -клинический анализ провоцированных стрессом стойких диссоциативных расстройств, а также конституциональных аномалий, составляющих «почву» для их формирования. Материал и методы. Обследовали 20 пациентов с обусловленными стрессом онкологического заболевания (нозогенные) диссоциативными расстройствами, по 10 в группах детачмент-диссоциации (ДД) (отрицание болезни и/или связанной с ней угрозы жизни, некомплаентность) и компартмент-диссоциации (полное/частичное отчуждение компонентов реакции на стресс -эмоциональные, когнитивные, адекватная комплаентность). Группы сопоставимы по демографическим и онкологическим показателям. Использовали клинический и психологический методы. Результаты и заключение. Диссоциативные расстройства представляют собой вторичные психопатологические феномены. ДД формируется в рамках шизофренических нозогенных реакций на основе сверхценных идей соматического благополучия (либо полная излечимость злокачественного новообразования) и обнаруживает сродство с шизотипическим расстройством личности. Компартмент-диссоциация манифестирует в пределах невротических нозогенных реакций на базе психогенных комплексов бинарной структуры -патология воображения (синдром «прекрасного равнодушия») в сочетании с тревогой о реально существующем заболевании и обнаруживает сродство с расстройствами личности истерического круга. Ключевые слова: диссоциативные расстройства, расстройство личности, стресс, нозогения, онкология.Objective. Stress-induced dissociative disorders (DD) have high prevalence in psychiatry and general medicine but the psychopathological differentiation of DD and contribution of personality disorders in their development is less studied. Authors conducted a clinical analysis of stress-induced persistent DD and underlying constitutional abnormalities. Material and methods. It was examined 20 patients with DD induced by the stress caused by a cancer diagnosis, including 10 patients of detachmentdissociation group (denial of the disease, non-compliance) and 10 patients with compartment-dissociation (complete or partial detachment of stress response components (emotional, cognitive), adequate compliancy). The groups were matched for demographic and cancer characteristics. Clinical and psychological methods were used. Results and conclusion. DD are secondary psychopathological phenomena. Detachment-dissociation develops in the frames of schizophrenic nosogenic reactions based on overvalued ideas of somatic we...

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Relations among peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress: A meta-analysis

Cited by 150 publications

References 70 publications

Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em vítimas de acidentes rodoviários graves: análise de fatores preditores

Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em vítimas de acidentes rodoviários graves: análise de fatores preditores

Peritraumatic dissociation predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms via dysfunctional trauma-related memory among war-affected children

Stress-induced dissociation in the trajectory of schizotypal personality disorder (on the model of nosogenias in oncologic patients)

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