Relations between mechanisms of CNS arousal and mechanisms of stress

Pfaff, Donald W.; Martin, Eugene M.; Ribeiro, Ana C.

doi:10.1080/10253890701638030

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Progestogens have actions through the amygdala and hippocampus to attenuate fear and anxiety (Akwa, Purdy, Koob, & Britton, 1999;Bitran, Foley, Audette, Leslie, & Frye, 2000;Frye & Walf, 2004). This provokes the question about whether the cognitive-enhancing effects of P 4 are indirect and associated with changes in arousal (Pfaff, Martin, & Ribeiro, 2007). Evidence from the present study suggests that all effects observed were not due to changes in general arousal, altering emotional learning, and/or affect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Progesterone to ovariectomized mice enhances cognitive performance in the spontaneous alternation, object recognition, but not placement, water maze, and contextual and cued conditioned fear tasks

Frye

Walf

2008

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Research on how steroid hormones mediate mnemonic processes have focused on effects of 17β-estradiol (E 2 ); yet, progesterone (P 4 ) co-varies with E 2 across endogenous hormonal milieu, and itself may influence cognitive processes. We investigated the hypothesis that acute P 4 treatment enhances cognitive performance compared to vehicle. Ovariectomized (OVX) c57/BL6J mice were randomly assigned to be subcutaneously injected with oil vehicle or P 4 (10 mg/kg). Mice were trained in the spontaneous alternation, object recognition, object placement, water maze, or fear conditioning tasks, and injected with vehicle or P 4 before training or immediately post-training, and then were tested 1, 4, or 24 h later. The data obtained from these experiments supported our hypothesis. P 4 increased the percentage of spontaneous alterations made in a T-maze more so than did vehicle. P 4 , compared to vehicle, increased the percentage of time spent exploring the novel object in the object recognition task, but did not alter performance in the object placement task. P 4 , compared to vehicle, decreased latencies to reach the location in the water maze where the platform had been during training in a probe trial, but did not alter performance in the control, cued trial. Compared to vehicle, P 4 treatment increased freezing in contextual and cued fear testing. Thus, acute P 4 treatment to OVX mice can improve cognitive performance across a variety of tasks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Progesterone to ovariectomized mice enhances cognitive performance in the spontaneous alternation, object recognition, but not placement, water maze, and contextual and cued conditioned fear tasks

Frye

Walf

2008

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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“…4 and 5). Arousal encompasses, but is not limited to, Selye's classic concept of stress 11 . What we can be certain about is that its mechanisms have been shaped by natural selection to serve all mammalian organisms in a biologically adaptive manner.…”

Section: Concept Of Generalized Central Nervous System Arousalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and Mechanisms of Generalized Central Nervous System Arousal

Pfaff

Ribeiro

Matthews

et al. 2008

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

116

100

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A concept of generalized arousal of the CNS is presented and given an operational definition that leads to quantitative physical measures. Because this primitive arousal function underlies all motivated behavioral responses, cognitive functions, and emotional expression, disorders of generalized arousal can be associated with a large number of problems in medicine and public health, including vegetative states, attentional disorders, depression, occupational hazards, and problems with sleep and anesthesia. Some of its known mechanisms are briefly reviewed, at the levels of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and functional genomics. Generalized arousal contributes to the excitement and the activation of behaviors during specific arousal states. Data are summarized for four genomic/neurochemical systems through which changes in generalized arousal could affect sexual arousal, two of which heighten, and the other two of which reduce arousal.

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“…Arousal mechanisms bear centrally (. 1) on those for stress 15–17 . Further, because of the massive degree of conservation of sex hormonal mechanisms and hypothalamic neurobiologic functions as we move from the animal into the human brain, studies of arousal and of animal sex behaviors contribute powerfully to our understanding of libido 18…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All circumstances causing stress are theorized to cause arousal; but not all stimuli causing arousal are stressful. Adapted from Pfaff et al 17 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) on those for stress. [15][16][17] Further, because of the massive degree of conservation of sex hormonal mechanisms and hypothalamic neurobiologic functions as we move from the animal into the human brain, studies of arousal and of animal sex behaviors contribute powerfully to our understanding of libido. 18 Ascending the brainstem toward the medial thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the basal forebrain, arousal mechanisms can be modulated by hormones, by peptides (such as orexins/hypocretins, corticotrophin-releasing factor [CRF], or opioid receptor agonists), and by lipids (such as prostaglandins).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms for the Regulation of State Changes in the Central Nervous System

Pfaff

Kieffer

Swanson

2008

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Current work on central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms underlying behavior has expanded from consideration of specific sensory codes or motor controls to the analyses of global CNS states. These include states of arousal, alertness, attention, emotional states regarding emotion and motivation, and states of addiction, which carry great importance for medicine and public health. In this brief introduction, orderly neuroanatomical concepts of forebrain pathways regulating motivated behaviors are presented. Neuropeptides often coordinate large sets of responses associated with an individual behavioral state. Here, we emphasize some of the central roles for opioid peptides. We also mention a few outstanding unanswered questions related to this area of neuroscience.

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Relations between mechanisms of CNS arousal and mechanisms of stress

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Progesterone to ovariectomized mice enhances cognitive performance in the spontaneous alternation, object recognition, but not placement, water maze, and contextual and cued conditioned fear tasks

Progesterone to ovariectomized mice enhances cognitive performance in the spontaneous alternation, object recognition, but not placement, water maze, and contextual and cued conditioned fear tasks

Concepts and Mechanisms of Generalized Central Nervous System Arousal

Mechanisms for the Regulation of State Changes in the Central Nervous System

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