Relations between obesity and hypertension: preliminary data from a cross-sectional study in primary schoolchildren: The children study

Angelopoulos, Peter; Milionis, H. J.; Moschonis, George; Μanios, Yannis

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602442

Cited by 48 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…[5][6][7] There are only few data about the prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents, mainly in studies with restricted sample size, whereas information about the variables that influence BP is limited. [8][9][10] However, the available evidence suggests that the prevalence of hypertension in Greek children exceeds the rates reported for respective age groups in other countries. [8][9][10] This study was designed to assess the prevalence of high BP in adolescents and its potential change in recent years, as well as to investigate associated dietary and lifestyle factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…[8][9][10] Angelopoulos et al 9 reported that the prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension was 28.1 and 7.8% for boys and 26.4 and 17% for girls in schools of Northern Greece. Similarly, in another Greek study, 39.3 and 32.3% of boys presented with systolic and diastolic BP above normal, respectively, whereas for girls, the respective proportions were 36.3 and 36.6%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in high blood pressure prevalence in Greek adolescents

et al. 2009

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A school-based screening with anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements was performed in adolescents aged 12-17 years in the island of Samos, . In multivariate analysis, BMI, male gender and age, but also modifiable factors (lack of physical activity, breakfast skipping, smoking and low milk consumption) were associated with increased BP levels in the study population. These data indicate that further to BMI, other factors such as adverse lifestyle and dietary habits appear to be associated with elevated BP levels in adolescents. Moreover, rising trends seem to characterize the prevalence of high BP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in high blood pressure prevalence in Greek adolescents

et al. 2009

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“…Secondly, there are only a few data regarding which is the best available marker of obesity in relation to BP. [17][18][19][20][21] Finally, office blood pressure (OBP) that is classically used for the evaluation of hypertension in children and adolescents may lead to misinterpretation of the true BP. 22 Recently, it has been shown that home blood pressure (HBP) monitoring is an applicable and more reliable method for the evaluation of BP in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Home and office blood pressure in children and adolescents: the role of obesity. The Arsakeion School Study

et al. 2009

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Obesity is related to office blood pressure (OBP). Important discrepancies exist between OBP and home blood pressure (HBP), providing complementary information for the management of hypertension. The association between obesity and HBP has not been investigated in children. The evidence on the role of obesity in the predominance of systolic blood pressure (SBP) over diastolic (DBP) in paediatric hypertension is limited. A total of 778 healthy subjects aged 6-18 years were recruited in this study. OBP and HBP were measured using electronic devices validated in children. Anthropometric measurements were measured and expressed as z-scores for height or age. Among all indices of obesity (z-scores), body mass index (BMI) showed the best association with BP. The effect of obesity (BMI) was more pronounced on: (i) SBP than DBP and (ii) H-SBP than O-SBP (O-SBP: r 2 ¼ 0.09, O-DBP: r 2 ¼ 0.05, H-SBP: r 2 ¼ 0.12, H-DBP: r 2 ¼ 0.06). The prevalence of systolic hypertension was higher than that of diastolic hypertension. This difference was significant only in office readings and independent from obesity (normal weight: 6.3% systolic hypertension versus 1.2% diastolic; obese: 37.9% versus 6.9%, Po0.05 for both). These data imply that in children and adolescents the z-score of BMI is the most appropriate index of the association between BP and obesity. It also suggests that obesity is probably more closely associated with home than office BP. Finally, although obesity appears to affect SBP more than DBP, these results suggest that the predominance of systolic hypertension in children and adolescents might not be only related to obesity but also to the measurement setting (office).

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“…Children's 'poor' diet observed in developed countries during last decades have resulted in an increasing prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases such as obesity, high blood pressure and increased cholesterol levels in children (Hampl et al, 1999;Devaney et al, 2004;Kranz et al, 2004;Muntner et al, 2004;Angelopoulos et al, 2006;Magkos et al, 2006;Manios et al, 2008). Both the aforementioned clinical risk factors and several behavioral factors, such as unhealthy dietary habits or lifestyle patterns, originating in early life seem to track into adulthood increasing the risk for developing chronic diseases in adult life (Boulton et al, 1995;Hesketh et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing children's diet quality in Crete based on Healthy Eating Index: The Children Study

et al. 2009

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Background: This study aimed to assess children's diet quality in Crete and the potential role of several socio-demographic factors related to it. Methods: Between October 2005 and March 2006, 481 primary school children were recruited from Crete. Dietary intake data was obtained using a combination of techniques comprising a 24 h recall and 3 food diaries. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was calculated summing the individual scores (0-10) assigned to 10 index components. Results: The majority of participants (84.5%) had diet that 'needs improvement' (HEI score: 51-80). Twelve percent of participants had 'poor diet' and only 3.5% of schoolchildren had 'good diet' (HEI score 480). The overall mean of the HEI score was 60.5. The mean values of the HEI components score ranged between 2.8 (that is, the HEI component that measures vegetables intake) and 9.9 (that is, component that expresses the variety of consumed foods). Low mean values were found in the total fat and saturated fat components (3.7 and 3.4, respectively). Moreover, the HEI score was strongly associated with dietary macronutrients and micronutrients intake. Conclusion: On the basis of the HEI score, the vast majority of children were found to have a diet that 'needs improvement'. This indicates the increased necessity of drawing and implementing nutrition education programs targeting both children and their families and aiming to increase vegetables and fruits intake and reduce fat intake.

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Relations between obesity and hypertension: preliminary data from a cross-sectional study in primary schoolchildren: The children study

Cited by 48 publications

References 48 publications

Trends in high blood pressure prevalence in Greek adolescents

Trends in high blood pressure prevalence in Greek adolescents

Home and office blood pressure in children and adolescents: the role of obesity. The Arsakeion School Study

Assessing children's diet quality in Crete based on Healthy Eating Index: The Children Study

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