Relations Between Vegetation Structure and Slope Aspect in the Mediterranean Region of Chile

Armestó, Juan J.; Martínez, José Alejandro

doi:10.2307/2259301

Cited by 109 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In Hungary, the south-facing slopes receive much more solar radiation than the north-facing ones, therefore the south-facing doline parts are warmer than the opposite ones (Jakucs 1971). Our results are in good agreement with the findings of other authors who found significant differences between the vegetation characteristics of north-facing and south-facing slopes in several environments (Hutchins et al 1976;Armesto & Martínez, 1978;Hicks & Frank 1984;Kutiel & Lavee 1999;Erdős et al 2012). The strong increase in species richness within the wet group along the north-facing slope of the non-forested doline can probably be explained by steep nighttime temperature gradients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

A comparison of the vegetation of forested and non-forested solution dolines in Hungary: a preliminary study

et al. 2014

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The present study compares the vegetation characteristics of two large forested and one large non-forested solution dolines in Hungary. We investigated the species composition and vegetation pattern along north to south transects (across the doline bottoms) and compared the richness of different species groups (dry and wet groups) on the doline slopes. We applied linear regression models for each slope to explore the effects of topography on species richness, and Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) to detect the major gradients of floristic variation within each site. We found that the vegetation changed significantly along all transects; and, regardless of the vegetation cover, the doline bottoms contained several cool-adapted species. Variations within the two species groups were more pronounced on the south-facing slopes. The changes were similar in the forested dolines, indicating the role of forest cover in maintaining many cool-adapted species on the north-facing slopes as well. However, the number of cool-adapted species increased significantly along both slopes of the non-forested doline from the upper edge to the bottom. Contrary to our expectations, the species turnover along the slopes of the non-forested doline was lower than that along the slopes of the forested ones. We conclude that both the forested and non-forested dolines serve as refuges for many plant species adapted to different environmental conditions. Apart from providing an understanding of population patterns along environmental gradients, our results may also contribute to our understanding of an even more fundamental question for a future research agenda: the probable effects of climate change on vegetation characteristics in climatic islands with environmental conditions substantially different from the surrounding areas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

A comparison of the vegetation of forested and non-forested solution dolines in Hungary: a preliminary study

et al. 2014

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“…After the plants reach a certain height and are able to shade each other, they can be transplanted onto degraded land with a canopy density of about 48%. However, the opening of vegetation as a result of harvesting timber could create favorable habitats for the invasion of xeromorphic species [74]. To increase biodiversity, felling more than five trees per 100 m 2 or decreasing canopy density to < 48% might work, but soil water content on NF suggests that much water is needed to support such vegetation.…”

Section: (S) Polygonum Macrophyllum (P)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Slope Aspect on Plant Community Composition and its Implications for Restoration of a Chinese Mountain Range

Qin¹,

Holden²,

Feng³

et al. 2017

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Excessive human disturbance (e.g., overgrazing, deforestation) has degraded the environment in the Qilian Mountains in China. Vegetative restoration is likely to be a crucial tool to restore these biologically significant habitats, but it is impossible to achieve this goal if the baseline plant community composition and its variation with local environmental conditions were not understood fully. To assess plant community composition by slope aspect, four different aspects -south-facing slope (SF), southwest-facing slope (SW), northwest-facing slope (NW), and north-facing slope (NF) -were surveyed on three almost non-degraded mountains. The results showed that each slope aspect has different abiotic environments. From SF to NF, soil water content has an increasing trend, but it shows no difference between SF and SW; and daily soil temperature and pH have a decreasing trend, while the former shows no difference between SF and SW, and SW and NW; and the latter shows no difference between SW and NW; and soil organic carbon was significantly increased, but soil bulk density was significantly decreased. Herbaceous plants were dominant on SF, SW, and NW, and trees (Picea crassifolia) were dominant on NF. From SF to NW, the dominant herbaceous plants were Agropyron cristatum and Stipa grandis, Agropyron cristatum and Carex aridula, and Kobresia humilis and Carex crebra, respectively, while on NF they were Carex spp. and Polygonum macrophyllum. The baseline survey points to the need to consider underlying patterns in abiotic conditions when planning restoration programs in these degraded mountain habitats, and to select native plants similar to the original vegetation. The survey provides a vital milestone for the development of policy-based funding initiatives and for ongoing vegetation monitoring during restoration to assess if these vegetative targets have been met.

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“…Además, la zona mediterránea de Chile, así como la mayoría de los ecosistemas mediterráneos del mundo, posee una alta heterogeneidad topográfica, generando importantes diferencias ambientales abióticas, principalmente respecto a humedad (di Castri et al 1981, Del Pozo et al 1989. Esto se traduce en contrastes importantes de composición de especies vegetales nativas entre laderas de diferente exposición al sol (Armesto & Martínez 1978). En este estudio, las condiciones de hábitat abiótico y vegetación residente podrían estar jugando un importante rol en la invasión de especies alóctonas arbóreas, puesto que todas las especies presentaron marcados sesgos de distribución.…”

Section: Discusionunclassified

“…La mayoría de las especies se distribuyó sólo en el hábitat de quebrada, unas pocas también en el de exposición sur y ninguna en el hábitat de exposición norte. Es decir, la invasión sólo se produjo en los hábitats de mayor humedad (Armesto & Martínez 1978). Además, hubo una marcada preferencia por sitios abiertos sin vegetación leñosa nativa y en menor proporción por sitios dominados por Rubus.…”

Section: Discusionunclassified

Invasión de árboles alóctonos en una cuenca pre-andina de Chile central

Becerra

2006

Gayana Bot.

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RESUMENEn este trabajo se describe el ensamble de especies arbóreas alóctonas presentes en la cuenca del Río San Ramón, ubicada en el borde este de la ciudad de Santiago, Chile central. En particular se documenta la flora de especies arbóreas alóctonas, el estado de invasión de cada especie (no naturalizada, naturalizada, invasora), abundancia, estructura de tamaños, se relaciona la riqueza y abundancia de especies alóctonas arbóreas con la forma de acceso a la cuenca (plantada o inmigración natural), y se caracteriza la distribución de las especies en los hábitats abióticos y tipos de parche de vegetación residente. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un censo de todos los individuos de especies arbóreas alóctonas presentes en la cuenca. Se observaron 15 especies arbóreas alóctonas, de las cuales 8 pueden ser catalogadas como invasoras en la cuenca, 2 sólo naturalizadas y 5 están plantadas pero no presentan regeneración natural. Las especies invasoras presentaron diferente abundancia, siendo Ulmus minor la especie más abundante. La mayoría de las especies invasoras presentan regeneración natural e individuos de tamaño pequeño. Las especies que han llegado a ser invasoras y de éstas las más abundantes no fueron mayoritariamente plantadas en la cuenca. Además, las especies alóctonas observadas presentaron una muy similar distribución ambiental, preferentemente en los hábitats más húmedos y parches abiertos sin vegetación leñosa. Estos patrones permiten sugerir que el proceso de invasión estaría continuamente ocurriendo, que el ambiente biótico y abiótico puede estar jugando un rol en la invasión de árboles alóctonos, y que este rol sería similar entre las especies invasoras presentes.PALABRAS CLAVES: Chile central, especies introducidas, especies naturalizadas, especies exóticas, naturalización. ABSTRACTIn this paper the assemblage of alien tree species inhabiting in the Río San Ramón watershed is described. This watershed is located at East border of Santiago, central Chile. Particularly, we documented the flora of alien tree species, the invasion state (not naturalized, naturalized, invader), abundance and population structure of each species. In addition, we related richness and abundance of each species with the way of access into the watershed (planted or natural immigration) and characterized species distribution through the abiotic habitats and resident vegetation patches. During 2003, a cense of all the individuals of alien tree species observed in the watershed was carried out. Fifteen alien tree species were observed. From these, eight species may be considered as invaders, two species as naturalized, and five species were planted but no natural regeneration was observed. Invader species had different abundance, being Ulmus minor the most abundant. Most of the invader species had natural regeneration and small-size individuals. The species that have become invaders, especially those that are the most abundant, were not planted in the watershed. On the other hand, the alien species had a similar environmental dis...

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Relations Between Vegetation Structure and Slope Aspect in the Mediterranean Region of Chile

Cited by 109 publications

References 10 publications

A comparison of the vegetation of forested and non-forested solution dolines in Hungary: a preliminary study

A comparison of the vegetation of forested and non-forested solution dolines in Hungary: a preliminary study

Influence of Slope Aspect on Plant Community Composition and its Implications for Restoration of a Chinese Mountain Range

Invasión de árboles alóctonos en una cuenca pre-andina de Chile central

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