Relationship among Ocular Diseases, Developmental Levels, and Clinical Characteristics of Children with Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

Boyacı, Ahmet; Akal, Ali; Tutoğlu, Ahmet; Kandemır, Hasan; Koca, İrfan; Boyraz, İsmail; Çelen, Esra; Ozkan, Ufuk

doi:10.1589/jpts.26.1679

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…An impairment of such functions in patients with CVI has been widely investigated [ 8 , 56 , 57 ] and may reflect dysfunctions in the oculomotor system and/or in the dorsal stream pathway involved in ocular movements and visually guided actions [ 5 , 8 , 56 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Nevertheless, most previous studies have characterized oculomotor dysfunction in children with CVI, mainly focusing on the presence of strabismus and/or nystagmus [ 26 , 32 , 61 ] or on the description of possible visual disorders in CP [ 2 , 5 ]. To our knowledge, only a few clinical and qualitative characterizations of these features have been performed [ 2 , 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Function and Neuropsychological Profile in Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment

Morelli

Aprile²,

Martolini³

et al. 2022

Children

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Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) has become the leading cause of children’s visual impairment in developed countries. Since CVI may negatively affect neuropsychomotor development, an early diagnosis and characterization become fundamental to define effective habilitation approaches. To date, there is a lack of standardized diagnostic methods to assess CVI in children, and the role of visual functions in children’s neuropsychological profiles has been poorly investigated. In the present paper, we aim to describe the clinical and neuropsychological profiles and to investigate the possible effects of visual functions on neuropsychological performance of a cohort of children diagnosed with CVI. Fifty-one children with CVI were included in our retrospective analysis (inclusion criteria: verbal IQ > 70 in Wechsler scales; absence of significant ocular involvement). For each participant, we collected data on neuropsychological assessment (i.e., cognitive, cognitive visual, and learning abilities), basic visual functions (e.g., Best Corrected Visual Acuity—BCVA, contrast sensitivity, and ocular motor abilities) and global development features (e.g., neurological signs and motor development delay) based on standardized tests, according to patients’ ages. The results showed that oculomotor dysfunction involving saccades and smooth pursuit may be a core symptom of CVI and might have a significant impact on cognitive visual and other neuropsychological abilities. Furthermore, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity may influence cognitive, cognitive visual, and academic performances. Our findings suggest the importance of a comprehensive assessment of both visual and neuropsychological functions in children when CVI is suspected, which is needed to provide a more comprehensive functional profile and define the best habilitation strategy to sustain functional vision.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Function and Neuropsychological Profile in Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment

Morelli

Aprile²,

Martolini³

et al. 2022

Children

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“…Regarding the impact of visual impairment associated with cerebral palsy to the quality of life, Boyaci et al [19] found no significant correlations between the quality of life and fundus pathology or strabismus. However, they did not assessed the visual acuity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular findings in patients with spastic type cerebral palsy

et al. 2016

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AbstractsBackgroundRefractive errors, strabismus, nystagmus, amblyopia, and cortical visual impairment are observed in 50 to 90 % of patients with cerebral palsy. Ocular abnormalities are known to differ according to cerebral palsy type, and spastic type has been reported to be more likely to be associated with ocular defects than the athetoid and ataxic types.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records was performed on 105 consecutive children with spastic type of cerebral palsy who underwent ophthalmologic examination between July 2003 and March 2006. The complete ophthalmological examination included measurement of visual acuity, ocular motility, stereoacuity, binocular vision, cycloplegic refraction along with the evaluation of the anterior segment and the posterior segment.ResultsThe most common ocular abnormality was strabismus (70.5 %) followed by refractive errors (53.3 %). Exodeviation was more commonly found than esodeviation (46 vs 27 patients), and hyperopia was much more prevalent than myopia. A considerable number of patients with strabismus had abnormal ocular motility wherein 16 patients showed inferior oblique overaction and ten superior oblique overaction. Whereas inferior oblique overaction was accompanied similarly in exotropia and esotropia, superior oblique overaction was accompanied more by exotropia.ConclusionsChildren with spastic type cerebral palsy have a high prevalence of strabismus and refractive errors. Exotropia and hyperopia are the most common ocular abnormalities. All children with spastic type of cerebral palsy may require a detailed ophthalmologic evaluation.

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“…GMFCS and BFMF scores correlate with each other. 13 It raises the question whether VI could also be associated with functional classification in children with CP which would be of practical clinical importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Impairment and Functional Classification in Children with Cerebral Palsy

et al. 2021

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Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor impairment in childhood and often accompanied by a broad spectrum of comorbidities. Data are sparse concerning visual impairment (VI) and functional classification among CP children. Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of VI among children with CP and to investigate a possible association between VI and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the Bimanual Fine Motor Function (BFMF). Methods In this hospital-based study, records of 200 children with CP aged 2 to 17 years were reviewed. Results Overall, VI was found in 59.5% of children with CP. Prevalence of VI was higher when compared with non-CP children. A correlation between GMFCS as well as BFMF and severity of VI was found. Children with severe CP were at greater risk for severe VI, especially cerebral VI compared with children with mild CP. Conclusion VI is a significant problem in children with CP and is correlated with motor function. Children with CP should undergo detailed ophthalmologic and orthoptic assessment to enable early intervention.

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Relationship among Ocular Diseases, Developmental Levels, and Clinical Characteristics of Children with Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Visual Function and Neuropsychological Profile in Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment

Visual Function and Neuropsychological Profile in Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment

Ocular findings in patients with spastic type cerebral palsy

Visual Impairment and Functional Classification in Children with Cerebral Palsy

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