Relationship between aerial concentration of Venturia inaequalis ascospores and development of apple scab

Aylor, Donald E.; Kiyomoto, Richard K.

doi:10.1016/0168-1923(93)90057-o

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Smoke flow patterns indicated that air is drawn into the axis of rotation of the sampling rods from below and above, and then "ejected" by the sampling rods. Similar observations were also made by Aylor (1995). This specific airflow pattern would again suggest that streamlined flow of particles on to the collecting rods is unlikely to be occurring (see also Solomon et al 1968, Batchelder 1977.…”

Section: Non-ideal Sampling By Rotating-impactor Type Samplerssupporting

confidence: 60%

A review of the sampling efficiency of rotating‐arm impactors used in aerobiological studies

Di-Giovanni¹

1998

Grana

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Section: Non-ideal Sampling By Rotating-impactor Type Samplerssupporting

confidence: 60%

A review of the sampling efficiency of rotating‐arm impactors used in aerobiological studies

Di-Giovanni¹

1998

Grana

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“…There is general agreement that the concentration of airborne ascospores increases during and after rainy spells or even single rainstorms (Bush 1989;Hasnain 1993b;Martínez et al 1996;Lim et al 1998;Troutt and Levetin 2001;Van Osdol et al 2004). This phenomenon has been extensively studied for the spores of plant pathogens with the aim of developing predictive models of the spread of diseases, an example being work on Venturia (Aylor 1992;Aylor and Kiyomoto 1993;Aylor and Qiu 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…(Meredith et al 1973;McCartney and Lacey 1991;Aylor and Kiyomoto 1993). In many cases, the severity of these diseases can be related to ascospore concentrations (McCartney and Lacey 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne ascospores in Mérida (SW Spain) and the effect of rain and other meteorological parameters on their concentration

Trejo¹,

Rodríguez

Molina

et al. 2011

Aerobiologia

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Airborne ascospores have been reported to be allergenic or plant pathogens, and their presence has traditionally been associated with rainfall events. The aim of the present study was to analyze the presence of airborne ascospores in relation to weather parameters in a town in SW Spain. A seven-day recording spore trap (Burkard) was used to sample the air over 2 years at 15 m above ground level on the terrace roof of the hospital in Mérida (SW Spain). Fungal spores were identified and counted by means of two longitudinal scans over the slides under 91000 microscopy. A correlation analysis was made of the daily meteorological data and the airborne ascospore concentrations, and t-tests were used to compare data between the 2 years. Nineteen ascospore types were defined, including one-cell ascospores (Chaetomium, Diatrype, Helvella, Xylaria), tow-cell ascospores (Diaporthe, Mycosphaerella, Nectria, Venturia), transversally septate ascospores (Melanomma, Leptosphaeria, Paraphaeosphaeria, Sporormiella, Massaria), transversally and longitudinally septate ascospores (Pleospora), and ascospores within asci (Sordaria). Leptosphaeria consisted of a group of four types described according to the number of cells, hyaline grade, wall thickness, and ornamentation, and other ascospores comprised one last additional type. The average airborne ascospore concentration was 153 ascospores/m 3 . One-third each of this total were from the Leptosphaeria group, with an average 54 ascospores/m 3 , and the two-cell ascospores or Venturia-like group (Diaporthe, Mycosphaerella, Nectria, Venturia) with 51 ascospores/m 3 on average. In third position was Pleospora with 27 ascospores/m 3 on average. The month with highest concentration was September, with 238 ascospores/m 3 , and the lowest March, with 56 ascospores/m 3 . By seasons, autumn had the highest concentrations, followed by winter, spring, and summer. The maximum daily concentration reached was 3,371 ascospores/m 3 . Daily rainfall was significantly correlated with the ascospore types Diatrype, Mycosphaerella, Nectria, two subtypes of Leptosphaeria, and Pleospora. Relative humidity was positively correlated with those ascospore types and also with Diaporthe and Paraphaeosphaeria, and negatively with Chaetomium and Melanomma. The concentration was higher on rainy days than on days without rain for Pleospora, Leptosphaeria (3 subtypes), Diatrype, Diaporthe, Nectria, Mycosphaerella, and Paraphaeosphaeria. The daily temperatures were in general correlated with the same types as the relative humidity, but with the opposite sign. For the monthly data, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 years studied.

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“…Management of this disease requires an intensive fungicide application that could be improved or reduced if the probability of scab infection were known (Aylor and Kiyomoto, 1993;Sanogo and Aylor, 1997). Floral buds are first exposed to ascosporous infection (Aylor and Kiyomoto, 1993;Falk et al, 1995;Godec, 2004;Percival and Boyle, 2005;Percival, 2008). Under dry weather conditions, the number of primary infections may be low and growers can use extended spray intervals (Rosenberger and Cox, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using plant extracts to reduce asexual reproduction of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)

Bálint¹,

Nagy²,

Thiesz³

et al. 2014

Turk J Agric For

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The aim our research was to develop effective methods for organic apple farming, based on the use of plant extracts to control the asexual reproduction of Venturia inaequalis. Plant extracts of artemisinin, chelidonine, thymol, and populin tested in vitro under laboratory conditions significantly slowed down the germination of V. inaequalis conidia. During a 2-year study under field conditions, the effect of 1% populin, an extract from black poplar buds, on apple scab was tested in parallel with synthetic fungicides and a nopesticide regime on Golden Delicious and Jonathan apples. Populin significantly reduced the number of scabbed leaves and fruits on Golden during the first year of the field evaluation compared to synthetic fungicides and had a similar effect as synthetic fungicides in the second year of application. The mean number of scabbed leaves on Jonathan was reduced significantly by both synthetic fungicide and populin applications in both years; however, while synthetic treatments did not reduce the number of scabbed fruits in the first year, populin significantly reduced the number of lesions on fruits. According to these results, we concluded that the severity of apple scab on commercial apple cultivars can be reduced using 1% populin plant extract as a cheap, alternative, and highly available method of reducing the conidial spores. The estimated costs of spraying populin per hector on apple plantations were much lower than costs for synthetic fungicides. Populin application may allow elimination or reduction of synthetic fungicide use and enable efficient organic apple farming.

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Relationship between aerial concentration of Venturia inaequalis ascospores and development of apple scab

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

A review of the sampling efficiency of rotating‐arm impactors used in aerobiological studies

A review of the sampling efficiency of rotating‐arm impactors used in aerobiological studies

Airborne ascospores in Mérida (SW Spain) and the effect of rain and other meteorological parameters on their concentration

Using plant extracts to reduce asexual reproduction of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)

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