Relationship between age and postnatal skin follicular development in three types of South American domestic camelids

Antonini, Marco; Gonzales, M.; Valbonesi, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.06.001

Cited by 32 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This result contrasts with those of Antonini et al (2004) for Peruvian llama in which the S/P Ratio achieved its maximum value after a further 2 months. It was thus confirmed that Domestic SAC (alpaca and llama) gained complete and mature skin follicle development at an early age.…”

Section: Study 3 Comparison Of Skin Follicle Characteristics Betweencontrasting

confidence: 86%

“…By contrast, the suri product has locks with a 'cork-screw' shape and straight, less-crimped, lustrous, silky fibres, very similar to mohair of the Angora goat but not as bright. Differences between fleece types for properties of cellscale frequencysecondary to primary (S/P) follicular ratio have been described previously 2004).…”

Section: Major Genotypes Of South American Camelids (Sac)mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…These camelids 'crias' (kids) were born in January 1998, and were the offspring of females selected from a flock of SAC used as a reproductive nucleus in a selection plan of the local SAC population. Crias remained with their mothers until weaning at 8 months of age and ran with the rest of the herd according to the Toccra farm management strategy (Antonini et al, 2004). Animals were managed in 3217 ha of grazing land, divided into three different plant environments (Bofedales, Pajonales and Tolares), according to the seasonal availability of biomass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hair follicle characteristics and fibre production in South American camelids

Antonini

2010

Animal

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Hair follicle and fibre characteristics of Peruvian alpaca and llama and Bolivian llama were analysed in three experimental studies. The first experiment was designed to determine the age at which all the secondary follicles reach maturity, as well as to compare the skin follicular structure and activity among these different types of Peruvian camelids. It is concluded that the South American camelids investigated in this study gained a complete and mature skin follicle apparatus at an early age, and hence producers should practise an early first shearing. A second Peruvian experiment investigated comparative fibre cuticular structure on twenty Peruvian domestic camelids comprising huacaya, suri and llama (woolly) 'chacos' genotypes. The results showed that the number of cuticular scales per 100 mm fibre length proved to be strongly affected by both the fleece type and the fibre diameter. The suri fleece was clearly differentiated from those of both huacaya and llama by possessing the highest percentage of fibres with a number of scales less than eight, the lowest percentage of fibres with more than nine scales, along with the lowest percentage of fibres with a diameter of more than 35 mm. It is concluded that, with the exception of the scale height, the cuticular parameters investigated in this study can be utilised in textile fibre analyses for distinguishing among these three types of fleece, as well as in selection projects designed to produce homogeneous fibres from Peruvian domestic camelids. A further study was conducted to determine the age at which the hair follicles in Bolivian llamas reach maturity as well as for comparing the skin follicular structure and activity between the two distinct genotypes. Thirty-one llama kids were chosen. They were born between January and April 1998 and were of different sex and of 'Q'aras' (or Carguera) or 'T'amphullis' type. Skin biopsies were taken from the right mid-costal region at 2, 4, 6, 8,10,12 and 14 months of age in order to monitor four follicular parameters. In this experiment, secondary to primary (S/P) data show that the Bolivian llama population analysed possessed a complete and mature skin follicle apparatus at birth that remained essentially constant throughout the investigation period. Due to the variation of these traits inside the same genetic population, the present results showed that T and Q types could only be subjective on the basis of S/P ratio.Keywords: alpaca, llama, skin hair follicle, fibre cuticular structure, post-natal follicle development Implication This paper aims to provide the latest information on the main fibre production parameters in domestic South American camelids. The research focuses on two characters: skin follicular structure, fibre cuticular cell and their distribution in alpaca and llama. In particular, the information is on the first few months of life of the animals in order to explain how fleece and skin change during the first year and when the fleeces are ready to be collected. New differential data on suri fibre de...

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Section: Study 3 Comparison Of Skin Follicle Characteristics Betweencontrasting

confidence: 86%

Section: Major Genotypes Of South American Camelids (Sac)mentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hair follicle characteristics and fibre production in South American camelids

Antonini

2010

Animal

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“…By contrast, Suri has locks with a "cork-screw" shape and straight, less-crimped, lustrous, silky fibres, very similar to mohair from Angora goat but not as bright. Differences between fleece types in regarding cuticular scale frequency, follicular density and secondary to primary follicular ratio were described (Antonini et al, 2001;Antonini et al, 2004).…”

Section: Inheritance Of Suri and Huacaya Type Of Fleece In Alpacamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inheritance of Suri and Huacaya type of fleece in Alpaca

Renieri

Valbonesi

Manna

et al. 2009

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The inheritance of the two types of fleece, Suri and Huacaya, observed in Alpaca (Lama pacos L.) is still not clearly defined. The objective of this work is to investigate the patter of inheritance of these two phenotypes, throughout 588 Suri x Suri and 2126 Huacaya x Huacaya offspring. The single gene and the three two-phenotype epistatic models were tested in the 19 Suri x Suri segregating families. The single dominant gene hypothesis best fitted our segregation data and could be, therefore, accepted (G T =20.276, P=0.378). The gene frequency of the recessive Huacaya allele was 0.295, being the frequency of the dominant Suri allele 0.705. The frequency of heterozygotes, estimated in the whole population and among dominant individuals, was 0.416 and 0.455, respectively, with a "carrier" Suri to Huacaya ratio of 4.780. In three Huacaya families, 3 Suri were born, as a result of a new dominant mutation on some germinal lines of Huacaya animals. The direct mutation rate can be estimated at 0.0014. (G T =20,276, P=0,378). La frequenza genica dell 'allele Huacaya, recessivo, è risultata di 0,295, mentre quella dell'allele Suri, dominante, di 0,705

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“…The following characters are taken into account as objectives for genetic selection: type of fleece (Suri or Huacaya), colour of fleece (non-albino full white; uniformly coloured fleece: black, brown, light fawn or wild; or multi-coloured fleece with irregular spotting), quantity of fibre produced, fibre diameter and coefficient of variation (CV) of fibre diameter. Selection criteria were direct observation of colour and type of fleece at birth, the weight of fibre produced at the first shearing at the age of 1 year (Antonini et al, 2004), the mean fibre diameter and CV of fibre diameter determined from a fleece sample taken from the mid-right side of the animal at first shearing.…”

Section: Fibre Growth Patternmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of fibre production and fleece characteristics in small ruminants, Angora rabbit and South American camelids

Allain

Renieri

2010

Animal

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This paper reviews genetics of fibre production and fleece characteristics in small ruminants, Angora rabbit and South American camelids with a special distinction between single-coated (SC) and double-coated (DC) species. Considering the biology of fibre production, there are variations in coat composition and structure, fibre growth pattern and fibre structure and quality between these two main kinds of fibre-producing animals. In SC species, all fibres are nearly similar in dimensions and are produced from individual follicles that have a very long period, essentially permanent, of active growth without a synchronous phase of rest between follicles. In contrast, in DC species the fleece comprises a coarse outer coat and a fine inner coat with variations of coat composition and structure, and fibre growth pattern according to the season with a well-defined duration of fibre growth. Genetic basis of hair growth pattern, coat composition and fibre structure are different between species. In small ruminants, these coat characters are additive and because of several genes whereas in rabbit, several autosomal recessive genes determine fibre growth, coat composition and structure. In alpaca, the fleece type (Suri or Huacaya) is determined by a single dominant gene. This paper also reviews genetic parameters of fibre production traits in Angora goat, Angora rabbit and alpaca in which many aspects of the genetic basis of fibre production are analogous. There are many traits controlling both fibre quality and fibre quantity, and most of these traits tend to be moderately to strongly inherited so that a rapid genetic progress in any traits is possible and indeed has been achieved. However, there are differences in breeding programmes. In DC Angora rabbit, selection for one single trait, the easy measurable total fleece weight has general beneficial effects on fleece quality. However, because of antagonistic relations between qualitative and quantitative traits in SC species, achieving this goal requires a multi-trait selection index approach. Gene mapping studies have recently identified several putative quantitative trait loci and major genes affecting fibre and fleece characteristics in sheep, goat and rabbit are reviewed. The whole genome sequence of sheep and rabbit will be available in the near future and the use of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism chip will allow fine mapping and dissection of the genetic basis of many production traits including fibre production and fleece characteristics. The application of these techniques will thus contribute to improving the efficiency, profitability and sustainability of small ruminant and rabbit fibre production.

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Relationship between age and postnatal skin follicular development in three types of South American domestic camelids

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Hair follicle characteristics and fibre production in South American camelids

Hair follicle characteristics and fibre production in South American camelids

Inheritance of Suri and Huacaya type of fleece in Alpaca

Genetics of fibre production and fleece characteristics in small ruminants, Angora rabbit and South American camelids

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