Relationship between an offensive smell given off from human foot and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Kobayashi, S.

doi:10.3412/jsb.45.797

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…tongue scraping), the sturdy papillae bend slightly and protect the embedded biofilm remaining in the interstitial volume. However, it should be noted that each papilla itself is not a simple stud sticking out from the surface of the tongue, but a cluster of individual strands . In a real papillary fissure or pit, actively growing microbial cell populations will adhere to epithelial cells of the tongue, which will be desquamating at a low rate, therefore when growth is significant it will fill up the whole pit.…”

Section: Conditions On a Real Tonguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be noted that each papilla itself is not a simple stud sticking out from the surface of the tongue, but a cluster of individual strands. [26] In a real papillary fissure or pit, actively growing microbial cell populations will adhere to epithelial cells of the tongue, which will be desquamating at a low rate, therefore when growth is significant it will fill up the whole pit. The pit is elastic and oral mechanical pressure will force pits and fissures to open or close, resulting in the contents being spread onto the surface.…”

Section: Microbial Composition (Ecology)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review:In vitrobiofilm models for studying oral malodour

Greenman

Saad

Hewett

et al. 2013

Flavour & Fragrance J

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Most cases of oral malodour are thought to be due to microbial biofilms that form in the pits and fissures that exist on the dorsum of the tongue. The tongue microflora is mainly fed by saliva, but nutrient sources could also include exfoliated mammalian cells and tissue fluid (e.g. crevicular fluid) which may bring high concentrations of sulfur‐containing substrates. In addition, consumed food could also contribute nutrients to a lesser degree. The collective microbial biofilm metabolism breaks down proteins, peptides and glycoproteins into cell transportable monomers, including sugars and amino acids. A significant portion of the biofilm can convert nutrient substrates into volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including odiferous volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). A number of in vitro biofilm models have been developed to study the generation and inhibition of microbial oral malodour. Dynamic steady‐state models coupled with real‐time monitoring of VOCs seems to offer advantages over models based on batch sampling from batch culture. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Conditions On a Real Tonguementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Composition (Ecology)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review:In vitrobiofilm models for studying oral malodour

Greenman

Saad

Hewett

et al. 2013

Flavour & Fragrance J

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“…Feet with strong odors had significantly higher population densities of microorganisms that produced these exo-enzymes than feet with weaker odors. Kanda et al (1990) found that isomers of short-chain fatty acids were the primary components of foot odor, and Kobayashi (1990) found that Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is a normal resident of the skin, plays a major role in the development of foot odor. Hircus is also reportedly caused by volatile steroids generated when androstene derivatives contained in axillary secretions, such as sweat and secretions from apocrine sweat glands, are decomposed by coryneform bacteria, such as Propionibacterium acnes and Brevibacterium, which are normal residents of the axillary region (Rennie et al 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot odor due to microbial metabolism and its control

Ara

Hama²,

Akiba³

et al. 2006

Can. J. Microbiol.

157

104

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To characterize foot odor, we analyzed its components by sensory tests, isolated microorganisms that produce it, and evaluated the mechanism of the occurrence of foot odor. As a result, foot odor was found to be derived from isovaleric acid, which is produced when Staphylococcus epidermidis, a resident species of the normal cutaneous microbial flora, degrades leucine present in sweat. In addition, Bacillus subtilis was detected in the plantar skin of subjects with strong foot odor, and this species was shown to be closely associated with increased foot odor. Therefore, we screened various naturally occurring substances and fragrant agents that inhibit microbial production of foot odor without disturbing the normal microbial flora of the human skin. As a result, we identified citral, citronellal, and geraniol as fragrant agents that inhibit the generation of isovaleric acid at low concentrations.

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“…Feet with strong odours had significantly higher population densities of microorganisms that produced hydrolytic exoenzymes (lipase, protease, and callous degrading enzymes). Kanda et al (1990) found that isomers of SCFAs were the primary components of foot odour, and Kobayashi (1990) found that Staph. epidermidis, which is a normal resident of the skin, plays a major role in the development of foot odour.…”

Section: Skin and Skin Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial volatile compounds in health and disease conditions

Thorn¹,

Greenman²

2012

J. Breath Res.

113

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Microbial cultures and/or microbial associated diseases often have a characteristic smell. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by all microorganisms as part of their normal metabolism. The types and classes of VOC produced is wide, including fatty acids and their derivatives (e.g. hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols and ketones), aromatic compounds, nitrogen containing compounds, and volatile sulfur compounds. A diversity of ecological niches exist in the human body which can support a polymicrobial community, with the exact VOC profile of a given anatomical site being dependent on that produced by both the host component and the microbial species present. The detection of VOCs is of interest to various disciplines, hence numerous analytical approaches have been developed to accurately characterize and measure VOCs in the laboratory, often from patient derived samples. Using these technological advancements it is evident that VOCs are indicative of both health and disease states. Many of these techniques are still largely confined to the research laboratory, but it is envisaged that in future bedside 'VOC profiling' will enable rapid characterization of microbial associated disease, providing vital information to healthcare practitioners.

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Relationship between an offensive smell given off from human foot and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Review:In vitrobiofilm models for studying oral malodour

Review:In vitrobiofilm models for studying oral malodour

Foot odor due to microbial metabolism and its control

Microbial volatile compounds in health and disease conditions

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