Relationship between Balance and Gait Stability in Healthy Older Adults

Cromwell, Ronita L.; Newton, Roberta A.

doi:10.1123/japa.12.1.90

Cited by 114 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Rosengren [21] found, for example, that Berg balance scores clustered in a narrow range (group means 52.2 and 55.2) and did not differentiate performance. Cromwell and Newton [13], however, found a significant correlation between alternate stepping on a stool (Item 12) and both walking velocity and number of steps per meter. Our adults with DS walked slower and scored lower on the Berg than Cromwell's older adult participants; however we found no correlation between the alternate stepping on a stool item and walking velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older adults also spend more time in double support [13]. Together, these adjustments reflect strategies to increase walking stability [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In older adults with TD, age-related changes in gait include reduced stride length, reduced velocity and increased step width and are observed starting around 64 years of age [11,12]. Older adults also spend more time in double support [13]. Together, these adjustments reflect strategies to increase walking stability [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early onset of stabilizing strategies for gait and obstacles: Older adults with Down syndrome

Smith

Ulrich

2008

Gait & Posture

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Our goal was to examine the gait patterns of older adults with Down syndrome (DS) for precocious stabilizing adaptations during comfortable over-ground walking and in more challenging conditions. Twelve participants with DS and 12 with typical development (TD) were matched for height, weight and age (range 35 to 62 years). We used a 6-camera motion capture system to assess foot trajectories over obstacles. Participants first walked at their preferred speed over a 5.3 m instrumented gait mat (unperturbed condition). Subsequent walking trials included perturbations mid-walkway: a) minimal obstacle to step over (12 cm high), b) moderate obstacle to step onto with both feet and then off (standard step), c) maximum obstacle to step onto with only one foot and over with the other (standard step).Adults with DS walked slower with shorter, wider strides while spending more time in both stance and double support. These adaptations increased during the moderate and maximal perturbations. They stepped with the minimal perturbation obstacle further forward in their crossing step and produced a lower, flatter trajectory of the lead foot, with less dorsiflexion at crossing. This strategy decreased trailing toe clearance but did not alter leading heel clearance.The combined effects of ligamentous laxity, low tone, obesity, inactivity and physiological decrements associated with aging lead to these stability-enhancing adaptations at a younger chronological age in adults with DS. We believe intervention to increase overall stability will be beneficial in helping adults with DS maintain optimal functional mobility and health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older adults also spend more time in double support [13]. Together, these adjustments reflect strategies to increase walking stability [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early onset of stabilizing strategies for gait and obstacles: Older adults with Down syndrome

Smith

Ulrich

2008

Gait & Posture

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“…GSR is an indication of the individual's ability to deal with the dynamic nature of walking [12]. Increased GSR points to increased number of steps (normalised for velocity) and thus,more time spent in contact with the ground, as when one needs increased stability.…”

Section: Gait Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stride length (and coefficient of variation), total double support (in seconds and percentage of the overall stride duration) and step asymmetry (deviation from equal duration steps between left and right limb) were measured using the Optojump Optical Measurement System (Microgate, Italy). Gait stability ratio (GSR, calculated as the ratio of cadence to velocity) was also recorded for each variable [12].…”

Section: Gait Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrying shopping bags does not alter static postural stability and gait parameters in healthy older females

Bampouras

Dewhurst

2016

Gait & Posture

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Bampouras, Theodoros and Dewhurst, Susan (2016) Carrying shopping bags does not alter static postural stability and gait parameters in healthy older females. Gait and Posture, Downloaded from: http://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/2055/ Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines.Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and not-for-profit activities provided that• the authors, title and full bibliographic details of the item are cited clearly when any part of the work is referred to verbally or in the written form Antero-posterior and medio-lateral displacement, and 95% ellipse area from a 30s quiet standing were used for postural stability assessment. Stride length and its coefficient of variation, total double support time, step asymmetry and gait stability ratio were calculated from one minute treadmill walking at self-selected speed for gait assessment. Carrying shopping bags did not negatively affect postural stability or gait variables, in either group.Further, in older individuals, a decrease in sway velocity was found when holding bags during the postural stability assessment (p<0.05), suggesting that carriage of bags, irrespective of the load distribution, may have a stabilising effect during quiet standing.. These results should help to alleviate concerns regarding safety of carrying shopping bags and help encourage shopping, both as a social and as a physical activity.

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Center of pressure profiles in unilateral compared to bilateral end‐stage ankle osteoarthritis patients

Gladish

Powell

Allison

et al. 2017

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) compromises ankle joint stability in regards to static balance. Unilateral and bilateral osteoarthritis patients often exhibit different limb-loading patterns during static balance tasks. Symmetrical loading has been posited to improve balance performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify balance performance in both ankle osteoarthritis patient groups. Twenty-two unilateral and twenty-one bilateral ankle osteoarthritis patients performed three 10-s quiet standing trials with their feet together. Ground reaction force data were collected from force platforms with one under each foot. Center of pressure excursion in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions as well as the resultant center of pressure were calculated using custom Matlab software. A 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA with Cohen's d were used to analyze the differences between groups (unilateral vs. bilateral) and between limbs (affected vs. unaffected) (α = 0.05). No significant differences were found between limbs or groups in either the anteroposterior or mediolateral direction for any measured variable. Though not statistically different, moderate to large effect sizes were observed for mean resultant distance between unilateral and bilateral (d = 0.096, d: 1.0) as well as anteroposterior excursion (p = 0.077, d: 1.731) and mean velocity (p = 0.084, d: 1.50) between affected and unaffected limbs. These large effect sizes suggested clinically relevant differences may exist, particularly in the anteroposterior direction. These findings may suggest that center of pressure is a better measure of postural strategy while center of mass measures may be more representative of postural steadiness. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2749-2754, 2017.

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Relationship between Balance and Gait Stability in Healthy Older Adults

Cited by 114 publications

References 23 publications

Early onset of stabilizing strategies for gait and obstacles: Older adults with Down syndrome

Early onset of stabilizing strategies for gait and obstacles: Older adults with Down syndrome

Carrying shopping bags does not alter static postural stability and gait parameters in healthy older females

Center of pressure profiles in unilateral compared to bilateral end‐stage ankle osteoarthritis patients

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