Relationship between BRAF V600E and KRAS mutations in stool for identifying colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background With early diagnosis, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a curable disease. As studies in the past 15 years have shown, specific genetic changes occur in the neoplastic transformation of normal colonic epithelium to benign adenoma until becoming adenocarcinoma. Considering that dynamic, we aimed to determine how v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) V600E and Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations relate to the location, histopathology, and degree of tumor differentiation in CRC. Methods With a cross-sectional design involving an observational analytical approach, we determined the relationship of BRAF V600E and KRAS mutations to the location, histopathology, and degree of tumor differentiation in CRC. Result The sample contained 43 patients with CRC aged 21–80 years, with an average age of 56.0 ± 11.2 years, 46.5% of whom were male and 53.5% female, for a male-to-female ratio of 1.0–1.15. Most tumors were located in the right colon ( n = 18, 41.9%), followed by the rectum ( n = 14, 32.6%) and left colon ( n = 18, 25.6%). Non-mucinous adenocarcinoma was more prevalent than mucinous adenocarcinoma, with 22 (51.2%) and 21 (48.8%) patients, respectively. Nineteen tumors were poorly differentiated (44.2%), 15 were moderately differentiated (34.9%), and nine were well-differentiated (20.9%). BRAF V600E mutations totaled six (14%), whereas non- BRAF V600E mutations totaled 37 (86.0%). BRAF V600E mutations significantly related to tumor location, degree of differentiation, and histopathology ( p < .01). Conclusion A significant relationship exists between BRAF V600E mutations in the stool of patients with CRC and location, histopathology, and degree of tumor differentiation.

The prevalence of KRAS and BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer patients in Bali

“…Difference results were also found in the study conducted in Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean population, which was 4% and 7.8%, respectively (Hernández-Sandoval et al 2020). Meanwhile, different results were also found in Indonesia, showing BRAF V600E mutation in 6 (14%) of 43 samples (Warsinggih et al 2020) and another study identified no BRAF mutation (Ni Nyoman et al 2020). Another mutation of BRAF non-V600E was found in this study, with a change in a valine (GTG) to leucine (TTG) or known as V600L.…”

“…The absence of population-based data in Indonesia leads to an unclear overview of the incidence of CRC. Various reports show increases in the number of cases of CRC as one of the ten most common cancers (Warsinggih et al 2020). These indicate that colorectal cancer is one of the concerned health problem.…”

Correlation of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in plasma with the stage and differentiation of colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study in East Indonesia

“…The other aliquot was tested for CRP serum level on the day of sampling, namely with an ELISA kit (reference no. CAN-CRP-4360) from Diagnostics Biochem Canada Inc. (Ontario, Canada) according to the manufacturer's instructions [ [15] , [16] , [17] ]. Measurements of IL-6 concentration were expressed in picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) and of CRP serum level in milligrams per liter (mg/L).…”