Relationship between cannabis and male reproductive health: a systematic review

Abstract

azoospermia factor (AZF) c microdeletion of the Y chromosome, and post chemotherapy NOA. In addition, a total of 396 couples had 727 TESE-ICSI cycles (94 couples and 170 TESE-ICSI cycles for OA and 302 couples and 557 cycles for NOA) were evaluated in embryonic development rates and clinical pregnancy rates (CPR).RESULTS: Spermatozoa were retrieved 100% (118/118) of obstructive azoospermia (OA), 40.6% (43/106) of Klinefelter syndrome (KS), 20.5% (98/479) of unexplained NOA (NOA), 81.8% (27/33) of AZFc microdelection, and 40.9% (18/44) of post chemotherapy NOA. SRR of OA was significantly higher and unexplained NOA were lower than any other groups. SRR with the primary TESE (49.7%) is significantly higher than with the TESE after who had previously undergone with no sperm found (31.0%) (P<0.001). Especially, the significant difference was observed in KS (48.8% and 15.4%, p<0.01) and unexplained NOA (23.9% and 12.5%, p<0.01), respectively. Two pronuclei (2PN) rates in OA (64.0%) and post chemotherapy NOA (69.3%) were significantly higher, but in AZFc microdelection (47.0%) was significantly lower than any other groups. Blastocyst development rate in AZFc microdelection (33.9%) was significantly lower than any other groups and the rates in KS (41.9%) was lower than in OA (50.8%). Good-quality blastocyst rates in OA (42.6%) and post chemotherapy NOA (45.2%) were significantly higher, but the rate in AZFc microdelection (33.9%) was lower than any other groups. CPR per embryo transfer cycle was lower in unexplained NOA (30.0%), KS (28.6%) and AZFc microdelection (26.6%) than in OA (42.4%).CONCLUSIONS: Micro TESE is particularly helpful for successful sperm retrieval in KS and AZFc microdeletion cases, however, the motile and better sperm retrieval from testicular tissue seems to be a critical key to succeed and rationale for good embryonic development and clinical pregnancy.