Relationship between Cannabis Use, Schizotypal Traits, and Cognitive Function in Healthy Subjects

Maß, Reinhard; Bardong, Christina; Kindl, Korana; Dahme, Bernhard

doi:10.1159/000049309

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Cannabis has been associated with a worsening of positive symptoms, especially delusions and hallucinations [5,59]. The association between current cannabis use, deficits in attentional inhibition, which has been found to be related to positive symptomatology [60], and higher scores on the Positive Syndrome of the Schizotypal Personality questionnaire, gives further support to this point [25,61]. However, our study found no significant difference in positive symptomatology between the two groups of subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Cannabis and Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: Absence of Relationship and Influence on Psychopathology

et al. 2002

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Background: Cannabis is a possible risk factor for the onset of schizophrenia and can induce neurocognitive, behavioural and motor co-ordination alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of cannabis in the occurrence of neurological soft signs (NSS) and, considering that this drug has been related to positive symptoms, whereas NSS have been linked to negative symptoms, we also examined the role of clinical features. Methods: The study investigated NSS in 25 male cannabis-consuming and 25 male non-consuming schizophrenic patients, using the Neurological Evaluation Scale. Clinical features were studied using SANS and SAPS. Results: Significant differences emerged after comparison analysis, with more NSS in non-consuming patients. The SANS subscales Alogia and Anhedonia-asociality were also statistically significant in this group of patients. Discussion: If non-consuming patients show a higher incidence of both NSS and negative symptoms, which, according to the literature, seem to be associated, then these findings suggest that NSS are relatively independent from cannabis, but not from clinical features.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Cannabis and Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: Absence of Relationship and Influence on Psychopathology

et al. 2002

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“…As mentioned before, frontal dysfunction in schizophrenia has been associated with both cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. However, since the frontal cortex is also involved in substance use [47,48] , and since cognitive function alterations have been described in SUDs [31,48,49] , the presence of comorbid SUDs in schizophrenia could be an important confounding factor in the association between cognitive functioning and negative symptoms. With respect to cognitive functions in schizophrenic patients with comorbid SUDs, some authors have found that substance-using patients exhibit better cognitive functioning than nonconsuming patients [50][51][52] , as well as less negative symptoms and better social functioning.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopathology and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Performance in Male Schizophrenic Patients: Influence of Dual Diagnosis

Rodríguez‐Jiménez

Aragüés²,

Jiménez‐Arriero³

et al. 2007

Psychopathology

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Background: Different neuropsychological studies have shown schizophrenic patients to have executive function deficits, as illustrated by their performance in neuropsychological tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST); certain studies have described a relationship between these deficits and negative symptoms. Schizophrenic patients also exhibit a high lifetime prevalence (40–50%) of comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs). However, little attention has been paid to this comorbidity (dual diagnosis) in studies associating executive functions and negative symptoms. Sampling and Methods: Our objective is to investigate the relationship between performance in the WCST and psychopathology as measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in a sample of 65 male schizophrenic patients with a history of SUDs (Sch SUD+) and in a sample of 48 male schizophrenic patients without such history (Sch SUD–). Results: In the Sch SUD– group, patients who completed 4 or more categories in the WCST (‘good performers’) obtained a mean score of 21.2 ± 8.8 on the negative subscale of the PANSS, compared with a mean score of 27.8 ± 8.6 in those who completed 3 or less (‘poor performers’); these differences were statistically significant (p = 0.015). In the Sch SUD+ group, however, no association was found between WCST performance and the PANSS negative subscale score. Conclusions: The presence of a history of comorbid SUDs should be taken into consideration in studies investigating executive functions and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

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“…Skosnik et al (2001) found large differences (d ¼ 1.8) on the full SPQ in small groups (N ¼ 15 or less) of current, former, and never users of cannabis. Mass et al (2001) report significant differences between cannabis users (N ¼ 20) and non-users (N ¼ 20) on five of the nine subscales of the SPQ, but three of these were at p < 0.10. Data were not reported in enough detail to compute effect sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Schizotypy, marijuana, and differential item functioning

Earleywine

2006

Human Psychopharmacology

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At least five studies report elevated schizotypy scores in cannabis users. The current research confirms higher schizotypy scores in regular cannabis users. Nevertheless, further analyses reveal that select items on the brief version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire do not function comparably in current and former users. Multiple statistical approaches confirmed this problem, including the Mantel-Haenszel statistic, Rasch difficulty estimates, a logistic regression approach, the Breslow-Day (BD) statistic, and a combined decision rule using Mantel-Haenszel and BD together. Cannabis users appear to misinterpret at least one item, "I sometimes use words in unusual ways" making them more likely to endorse it even if they are no more schizotypal than the former users. Users might consider cannabis-related slang as an unusual use of words. Removing problematic items does not decrease the internal consistency of the measure, but eliminates the significant difference between current and former users. These results suggest that links between cannabis use and schizotypy require cautious interpretation and may arise from measurement problems.

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Relationship between Cannabis Use, Schizotypal Traits, and Cognitive Function in Healthy Subjects

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Cannabis and Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: Absence of Relationship and Influence on Psychopathology

Cannabis and Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: Absence of Relationship and Influence on Psychopathology

Psychopathology and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Performance in Male Schizophrenic Patients: Influence of Dual Diagnosis

Schizotypy, marijuana, and differential item functioning

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