Relationship between Cardiometabolic Parameters and Elevated Resting and Effort Heart Rate in Schoolchildren

Abstract

BackgroundLittle has been studied on heart rate and its relationship with metabolic disorders.ObjectiveTo identify possible association between heart rate (HR) and metabolic disorders in children and adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated 2.098 subjects, aged between 7 and 17 years. The variables evaluated were: HR, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), double-product (DP), myocardial oxygen consumption (mVO2), lipids, glucose and uric acid levels, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The values of HR at rest and effort were divided into quartiles. The association between continuous values of HR and cardiometabolic indicators was tested by linear regression.ResultsLDL cholesterol presented a significantly higher mean (p = 0.003) in schoolchildren with resting HR greater or equal to 91 bpm, compared to students with less than 75 bpm. Compared with the quartiles of effort HR, SBP, DBP, glucose and uric acid presented high values when HR was greater or equal than 185 bpm. SBP, glucose and HDL cholesterol demonstrated a significant association with resting HR. Uric acid was observed as a predictor of increased effort HR.ConclusionSchoolchildren with a higher resting HR have higher mean of LDL cholesterol. For effort HR, there was an increase in blood pressure, glucose and uric acid levels. Uric acid has been shown to be a predictor of elevated effort HR.

Respiratory Muscle Strength in Brazilian Adolescents: Impact of Body Composition

“…Regarding the higher RMS values among boys presented in this study, the literature highlights that this factor can be explained by the difference in body dimensions between boys and girls, with greater production of muscle mass in boys, as a result of higher levels of testosterone [5,7,16,17,[25][26][27].…”

“…Santiago et al [5] emphasized that obesity leads to changes in respiratory mechanics that are caused by the accumulation of fat in the ribs, diaphragm, and abdomen, reducing rib cage compliance and causing less diaphragmatic excursion in this population of overweight/obese children and adolescents.…”

Cardiac Evaluation of Exercise Testing in a Contemporary Population of Preschool Children: A New Approach Providing Reference Values

“…Specifically, children who have a resting heart rate (RHR) similar to or superior to 91 beats per minute (bpm) show higher mean LDL cholesterol [10] and an increase in blood pressure, which are independent of adiposity, ethnicity, and age [11]. Otherwise, bradycardia can be explained as an RHR that is slower than the normal RHR for a specific population's age [12], which is considered an RHR of <60 bpm [13], and is related in pediatric patients with increased vagal tone, hypothyroidism, hypothermia, adrenal insufficiency, increased intracranial pressure, inherited arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy or complete heart block and can lead to sudden death [14].…”