Relationship between changes in physical activity and plasma insulin during a 2.5-year follow-up study

Rankinen, Tuomo; Suomela-Markkanen, Tiina; Väisänen, Sari; Helminen, Anneli; Penttilä, I; Berg, Aloys; Bouchard, Claude; Rauramaa, Rainer

doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90141-4

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…One speculation is that this relatively active lifestyle provides partial protection against conversion from IGT to type 2 diabetes. Several studies have reported beneficial effects of physical activity on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance (24,25).Diabetes aggregates in families in the OOA as it does in other populations (26,27). In this study, the prevalence of diabetes was 3.28 times as high in the siblings of diabetic probands than in the spouse control group, a finding similar to that observed in other Caucasian populations (28-30).…”

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confidence: 88%

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Diabetes in the Old Order Amish: characterization and heritability analysis of the Amish Family Diabetes Study.

et al. 2000

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A table elsewhere in this issue shows conventional and Système International (SI) units and conversion factors for many substances. Diabetes in the Old Order AmishCharacterization and heritability analysis of the Amish Family Diabetes Study O R I G I N A L A R T I C L EOBJECTIVE -The Old Order Amish (OOA) are a genetically well-defined closed Caucasian founder population. The Amish Family Diabetes Study was initiated to identify susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes. This article describes the genetic epidemiology of type 2 diabetes and related traits in this unique population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The study cohort comprised Amish probands with diabetes who were diagnosed between 35 and 65 years of age and their extended adult family members. We recruited 953 adults who represented 45 multigenerational families. Phenotypic characterization included anthropometry, blood pressure, diabetes status, lipid profile, and leptin levels.RESULTS -The mean age of study participants was 46 years, and the mean BMI was 26.9 kg/m 2 . Subjects with type 2 diabetes were older, more obese, and had higher insulin levels. The prevalence of diabetes in the OOA was approximately half that of the Caucasian individuals who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (95% CI 0.23-0.84).The prevalence of diabetes in the siblings of the diabetic probands was 26.5% compared with a prevalence of 7.0% in spouses (λ s = 3.28, 95% CI 1.58-6.80). The heritability of diabetes-related quantitative traits was substantial (13-70% for obesity-related traits, 10-42% for glucose levels, and 11-24% for insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test; P = 0.01 to Ͻ0.0001).CONCLUSIONS -Type 2 diabetes in the Amish has similar phenotypic features to that of the overall Caucasian population, although the prevalence in the Amish community is lower than that of the Caucasian population. There is significant familial clustering of type 2 diabetes and related traits. This unique family collection will be an excellent resource for investigating the genetic underpinnings of type 2 diabetes. E p i d e m i o l o g y / H e a l t h S e r v i c e s / P s y c h o s o c i a l R e s e a r c h 596DIABETES CARE, VOLUME 23, NUMBER 5, MAY 2000Diabetes in the Amish assimilation into the surrounding dominant culture and are widely known for their oldfashioned social and technological practices and characteristic dress. They do not proselytize and do not allow outsiders to marry into the sect. They represent both a religious and a genetic isolate (6). There is a high degree of consanguinity in the Old Order Amish (OOA). Although first-cousin marriages are not permitted, on average, OOA married couples are more closely related than second cousins once removed but less related than second cousins (9). Other features of this population include low relocation rates, a relatively high standard of living, large family sizes (average sibship size 6-7), and essentially complete genealogies dating back to the early 1700s (12-14 generatio...

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confidence: 88%

Section: Diabetes In the Amishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes in the Old Order Amish: characterization and heritability analysis of the Amish Family Diabetes Study.

et al. 2000

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“…In contrast, change in activity in Finnish adolescents and young adults was independently and inversely associated with changes in fasting insulin adjusted for subscapular skinfold thickness over a 6-year period in both sexes (15). Similarly, men who had the greatest reduction in activity over a 2.5-year period showed the largest increases in fasting insulin independent of changes in body weight (24).…”

Section: Statistical Analysis For Both Population Studiesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Possible physiological mechanisms responsible for the beneficial influence of physical activity on insulin sensitivity include enhanced insulin receptor and postreceptor function, increased skeletal muscle insulin-sensitive glucose transporter proteins, increased skeletal muscle capillary density, and change in body composition (13,24). In fact, it appears that the enhanced insulin action in physically trained individuals involves not only muscle tissue but also liver and adipose tissue (25).…”

Section: Statistical Analysis For Both Population Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Physical Activity and Serum Insulin Concentrations in Two Populations at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes but Differing by BMI

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE -Physical activity and insulin sensitivity are related in epidemiological studies, but the consistency of this finding among populations that greatly differ in body size is uncertain. The present multiethnic epidemiological study examined whether physical activity was related to insulin concentrations in two populations at high risk for diabetes that greatly differ by location, ethnic group, and BMI.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -The study populations consisted of 2,321 nondiabetic Pima Indian men and women aged 15-59 years from Arizona and 2,716 nondiabetic men and women aged 35-54 years from Mauritius. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by mean insulin concentration (average of the fasting and postload insulin), and total (i.e., leisure and occupational) physical activity was assessed by questionnaire.RESULTS -Pima men and women who were more active had significantly (P Ͻ 0.05) lower mean insulin concentrations than those less active (BMI and age-adjusted means were 179 vs. 200 and 237 vs. 268 pmol/l). Similar findings were noted in Mauritian men and women (94 vs. 122 and 127 vs. 148 pmol/l). In both populations, activity remained significantly associated with mean insulin concentration controlled for age, BMI, waist-to-thigh or waist-to-hip ratio, and mean glucose concentrations.CONCLUSIONS -Physical activity was negatively associated with insulin concentrations both in the Pima Indians, who tend to be overweight, and in Mauritians, who are leaner. These findings suggest a beneficial role of activity on insulin sensitivity that is separate from any influence of activity on body composition.

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“…Part of the difficulty may be that insulin sensitivity is also influenced by aging and numerous lifestyle factors, including dietary fat intake (9,10) and physical inactivity (11)(12)(13)(14). In Pima Indians, there was no strong evidence for linkage to a variety of insulin sensitivity and secretion measures anywhere in the genome.…”

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confidence: 99%

Linkage of serum insulin concentrations to chromosome 3p in Mexican Americans.

et al. 2000

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Hyperinsulinemia predicts the development of type 2 diabetes, and family studies suggest that insulin levels are regulated in part by genes. We conducted a genomewide scan to detect genes influencing variation in fasting serum insulin concentrations in 391 nondiabetic individuals from 10 large multigenerational families. Approximately 380 microsatellite markers with an average spacing of 10 cM were genotyped in all study subjects. Insulin concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay were transformed by their natural logarithms before analysis. In multipoint analysis, peak evidence for linkage occurred on chromosome 3p ~109 c M from pter in the region of 3p14.2-p14.1. The multipoint logarithm of odds (LOD) score was 3.07, occurring in the region flanked by markers D3S1600 and D3S1285 (P value by simulation <0.0001). In a two-point analysis, LOD scores ranged from 0.75 to 2.52 for the nine markers typed in the region spanning 88-143 cM from p t e r. The fasting insulin resistance index was highly correlated with fasting insulin concentrations in this sample and also provided strong evidence for linkage to this region (LOD = 2.99). There was no evidence in our genome-wide scan for linkage of insulin levels to any other chromosome. These results provide evidence that a gene-influencing variation in insulin concentrations exists on chromosome 3p. Possible candidate genes in this region include G B E 1 and A C O X 2, which encode enzymes involved in glycogen and fatty acid metabolism, r e s p e c t i v e l y. Diabetes 49:513-516, 2000 I nsulin is a polypeptide hormone that plays a vital role in glucose homeostasis by stimulating the uptake of glucose into the cell. Serum insulin concentrations are correlated with tissue sensitivity to insulin, and elevated insulin levels are associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and an increased risk of t y p e 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Within populations, the degree of insulin sensitivity varies widely among individuals, and in fact, the range observed in normal individuals can equal that seen in diabetic individuals (1). Moreo v e r, while insulin resistance is a consistent predictor of t y p e 2 diabetes, mild or even severe insulin resistance may often occur in individuals who will never develop diabetes.Although the causes of insulin resistance (and hyperinsulinemia) are not well understood, family and twin studies have consistently shown that genes play a substantial role in determining variation in serum insulin concentrations (2-5). Genes modulating serum insulin levels could operate at several different levels. For example, at the level of the target cells, there are a host of genes that regulate peripheral insulin action, such as those that encode the molecules that mediate insulin signaling and those that catalyze the uptake and metabolism of glucose. Genes influencing insulin sensitivity could also act on tissues extrinsic to the target cell as, for example, on tissues involved in any of the pathways regulating energy homeosta...

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Relationship between changes in physical activity and plasma insulin during a 2.5-year follow-up study

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Diabetes in the Old Order Amish: characterization and heritability analysis of the Amish Family Diabetes Study.

Diabetes in the Old Order Amish: characterization and heritability analysis of the Amish Family Diabetes Study.

Association of Physical Activity and Serum Insulin Concentrations in Two Populations at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes but Differing by BMI

Linkage of serum insulin concentrations to chromosome 3p in Mexican Americans.

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