Relationship between changes in voice pitch and loudness

Gramming, Patricia; Sundberg, Johan; Ternström, Sten; Leanderson, Rolf; Perkins, William H.

doi:10.1016/s0892-1997(88)80067-5

Cited by 164 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Several studies in humans have determined that speech produced in noise shows an involuntary increase in intensity, known for Ͼ100 years as the Lombard effect (Brumm and Zollinger, 2011). This reflex-like response to an increase in background noise is correlated with an increased pitch, among other changes in phonetics (Gramming et al, 1988;Garnier et al, 2010;Brumm and Zollinger, 2011). The same effect has been reported in several songbirds and budgerigars (Brumm and Zollinger, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Mechanism for Frequency Modulation in Songbirds Shared with Humans

Amador

Margoliash

2013

Journal of Neuroscience

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In most animals that vocalize, control of fundamental frequency is a key element for effective communication. In humans, subglottal pressure controls vocal intensity but also influences fundamental frequency during phonation. Given the underlying similarities in the biomechanical mechanisms of vocalization in humans and songbirds, songbirds offer an attractive opportunity to study frequency modulation by pressure. Here, we present a novel technique for dynamic control of subsyringeal pressure in zebra finches. By regulating the opening of a custom-built fast valve connected to the air sac system, we achieved partial or total silencing of specific syllables, and could modify syllabic acoustics through more complex manipulations of air sac pressure. We also observed that more nuanced pressure variations over a limited interval during production of a syllable concomitantly affected the frequency of that syllable segment. These results can be explained in terms of a mathematical model for phonation that incorporates a nonlinear description for the vocal source capable of generating the observed frequency modulations induced by pressure variations. We conclude that the observed interaction between pressure and frequency was a feature of the source, not a result of feedback control. Our results indicate that, beyond regulating phonation or its absence, regulation of pressure is important for control of fundamental frequencies of vocalizations. Thus, although there are separate brainstem pathways for syringeal and respiratory control of song production, both can affect airflow and frequency. We hypothesize that the control of pressure and frequency is combined holistically at higher levels of the vocalization pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Mechanism for Frequency Modulation in Songbirds Shared with Humans

Amador

Margoliash

2013

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…14 It has been proposed that this structural difference may cause children to be more prone to tissue reactions because of vocal abuse. [15] and [16] In adult voices, high background noise levels have been found to influence several vocal parameters such as loudness, subglottal pressure, 17 fundamental frequency, [18], [19], [20], [21], [22] and [23] and voice quality. 24 Does the same pattern apply also for children?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Voice and Noise: A Pilot Study of Noise in Day Cares and the Effects on 10 Children's Voice Quality According to Perceptual Evaluation

et al. 2009

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SummaryThe purpose of this investigation was to study children's exposure to background noise at the ears during a normal day at the day care center and also to relate this to a perceptual evaluation of voice quality. Ten children, from three day care centers, with no history of hearing and speech problems or frequent infections were selected as subjects. A binaural recording technique was used with two microphones placed on both sides of the subject's head, at equal distance from the mouth. A portable digital audio tape (DAT) recorder (Sony TCD-D 100, Stockholm, Sweden) was attached to the subject's waist. Three recordings were made for each child during the day. Each recording was calibrated and started with three repetitions of three sentences containing only sonorants. The recording technique allowed separate analyses of the background noise level and of the sound pressure level (SPL) of each subjects' own voice. Results showed a mean background noise level for the three day care centers at 82.6 dBA Leq, ranging from 81.5 to 83.6 dBA Leq. Day care center no. 2 had the highest mean value and also the highest value at any separate recording session with a mean background noise level of 85.4 dBA Leq during the noontime recordings. Perceptual evaluation showed that the children attending this day care center also received higher values on the following voice characteristics: hoarseness, breathiness, and hyperfunction. Girls increased their loudness level during the day, whereas for boys no such change could be observed.

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“…This is in accordance with previous studies on F0, indicating that a controlled setup is unfit to evaluate F0 values in real-life situations. [14][15][16][17] Higher F0 values in spontaneous speech are likely because of an increase in vocal loudness 24,25 that in turn may be related to increased background noise. 18,26 The preschool environment is often noisy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Recordings of Sentences and Spontaneous Speech: Perceptual and Acoustic Measures in Preschool Children’s Voices

McAllister¹,

Brandt²

2012

Journal of Voice

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Summary:A well-controlled recording in a studio is fundamental in most voice rehabilitation. However, this laboratory like recording method has been questioned because voice use in a natural environment may be quite different. In children's natural environment, high background noise levels are common and are an important factor contributing to voice problems. The primary noise source in day-care centers is the children themselves. The aim of the present study was to compare perceptual evaluations of voice quality and acoustic measures from a controlled recording with recordings of spontaneous speech in children's natural environment in a day-care setting. Eleven 5-year-old children were recorded three times during a day at the day care. The controlled speech material consisted of repeated sentences. Matching sentences were selected from the spontaneous speech. All sentences were repeated three times. Recordings were randomized and analyzed acoustically and perceptually. Statistic analyses showed that fundamental frequency was significantly higher in spontaneous speech (P < 0.01) as was hyperfunction (P < 0.001). The only characteristic the controlled sentences shared with spontaneous speech was degree of hoarseness (Spearman's rho = 0.564). When data for boys and girls were analyzed separately, a correlation was found for the parameter breathiness (rho = 0.551) for boys, and for girls the correlation for hoarseness remained (rho = 0.752). Regarding acoustic data, none of the measures correlated across recording conditions for the whole group.

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Relationship between changes in voice pitch and loudness

Cited by 164 publications

References 6 publications

A Mechanism for Frequency Modulation in Songbirds Shared with Humans

A Mechanism for Frequency Modulation in Songbirds Shared with Humans

Child Voice and Noise: A Pilot Study of Noise in Day Cares and the Effects on 10 Children's Voice Quality According to Perceptual Evaluation

A Comparison of Recordings of Sentences and Spontaneous Speech: Perceptual and Acoustic Measures in Preschool Children’s Voices

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