Relationship between cigarette smoking and Alzheimer's disease in a population‐based case‐control study

Brenner, Daniel E.; Kukull, Walter A.; Belle, Gerald van; Bowen, James D.; McCormick, W. C.; Teri, Linda; Larson, Eric B.

doi:10.1212/wnl.43.2.293

Cited by 173 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…In a number of population-based studies, it has been inversely associated with development of dementia, suggesting a possible protective effect. 87,88 Other studies have found the opposite. 30,60 A variety of explanations have been advanced to explain either possibility, ranging from selection of a 'hardy' subgroup of elderly smokers, to a protective role for central nicotinic receptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Can Clinical Data Predict Progression to Dementia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Fellows

Bergman²,

Wolfson³

et al. 2008

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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314As treatments to alleviate symptoms and to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) emerge, an increasingly urgent dilemma for physicians is also developing: which of the many elderly individuals with memory complaints will develop Alzheimer's disease, and would therefore be candidates for preventive therapies? An important goal of current research must be to establish useful pre-clinical diagnostic and predictive guidelines, and this can only emerge from longitudinal follow-up of elderly individuals with mild memory loss. In this paper, we report the clinical characteristics of such a group, with the aim of ABSTRACT: Background: To determine whether clinical data obtained by history and physical examination can predict eventual progression to dementia in a cohort of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study of a cohort of elderly subjects with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Ninety subjects meeting the criteria for amnestic MCI were recruited and followed annually for an average of 3.3 years. Main outcome measure was the development of dementia determined by clinical assessment with confirmatory neuropsychological evaluation. Results: Fifty patients (56%) developed dementia on follow-up. They were older, had lower Mini-mental status exam (MMSE) scores and a shorter duration of symptoms at the time of first assessment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age at symptom onset as the only clinical parameter which distinguished the group that deteriorated to dementia from the group that did not. The odds ratio for age was 1.1 (confidence interval 1.04 -1.18). Conclusions: Patients presenting with amnestic MCI insufficient for the diagnosis of dementia are at high risk of developing dementia on follow-up. In our cohort, 56% were diagnosed with dementia over an average period of 5.9 years from symptom onset. The only clinical predictor for the eventual development of dementia was older age at symptom onset. Clinical features alone were insufficient to predict development of dementia.RÉSUMÉ: Les données cliniques peuvent-elles prédire la progression vers la démence dans l'atteinte cognitive légère avec syndrome amnésique? Contexte : Le but de cette étude était de déterminer si les données cliniques provenant de l'histoire médicale et de l'examen physique peuvent prédire la progression éventuelle vers la démence dans une cohorte de gens âgés ayant une atteinte cognitive légère. Méthodes : Il s'agit d'une étude longitudinale prospective d'une cohorte de sujets âgés ayant une atteinte cognitive légère (ACL). Quatre-vingt-dix sujets rencontrant les critères diagnostiques de l'ACL amnésique ont été recrutés et suivis annuellement pendant 3,3 ans en moyenne. Le critère d'évaluation principal était l'apparition d'une démence selon l'évaluation clinique confirmée par une évaluation neuropsychologique. Résultats : Cinquante patients (56%) ont développé une démence au cours du suivi. Ils étaient plus âgés, avaient des scores MMSE plus bas et u...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Can Clinical Data Predict Progression to Dementia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Fellows

Bergman²,

Wolfson³

et al. 2008

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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“…AD 6,7,[12][13][14] . However, more recent and complete demographic studies have shown that smoking represents one of the largest risk factors for AD 3,[19][20][21][22] .…”

Section: Nature Communications | Doi: 101038/ncomms2494mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For many years, smoking was considered to be protective for the development of AD 6,7 . It was proposed that acute stimulation of neuronal nicotinic receptors may have beneficial effects on people with AD 8 and that prolonged treatment may have further benefits by increasing neuronal survival 9 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Smoking exacerbates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Estrada²,

et al. 2013

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“…Interestingly, early studies funded by the tobacco company have suggested a possible beneficial role of smoking in cognitive function due to the effects of nicotine 7. Furthermore, several early case–control studies funded by the tobacco industry have reported a preventive effect of smoking on Alzheimer's disease 8, 9, 10. However, since then, a number of cohort studies have shown that smoking was associated with increased risk of dementia 11.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study

Choi

Park

2018

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveTo determine the risk of developing dementia in relation to duration of smoking cessation by using a nationwide health claims database.MethodsThis cohort study included 46,140 men aged 60 years or older from Korean National Health Insurance System – National Health Screening Cohort, a population‐based national health screening program from 2002 to 2013. The changes in smoking habit from a questionnaire during the first (2002 and 2003) and second (2004 and 2005) health examination periods, participants were divided into continual smokers, short‐term (less than 4 years) quitters, long‐term (4 years or more) quitters, and never smokers. Participants were followed‐up for 8 years from January 1, 2006 for the development of overall dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia.ResultsCompared to continual smokers, long‐term quitters and never smokers had decreased risk of overall dementia (hazard ratio, HR 0.86 95% CI, confidence interval 0.75–0.99 and HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71–0.91, respectively). Never smokers had decreased risk of Alzheimer's disease (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70–0.96) compared to continual smokers. Finally, both long‐term quitters (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48–0.96) and never smokers (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.95) had decreased risk of vascular dementia compared to continual smokers.InterpretationSmoking was associated with increased risk of dementia. Smokers who quit for a prolonged period of time may benefit from reduced risk of dementia. Therefore, smokers should be encouraged to quit in order to reduce the risk of developing dementia, especially in the elderly population who are already at risk.

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Relationship between cigarette smoking and Alzheimer's disease in a population‐based case‐control study

Cited by 173 publications

References 0 publications

Can Clinical Data Predict Progression to Dementia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Can Clinical Data Predict Progression to Dementia in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment?

Smoking exacerbates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Effect of smoking cessation on the risk of dementia: a longitudinal study

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