Relationship Between Cigarette Yields and Smoking Time Under Different Machine Smoking Regimes

Colard, Stéphane; Verron, Thomas; Julien, Rémi; Cahours, Xavier; Purkis, Stephen W.

doi:10.2478/cttr-2014-0003

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There has been much research on the effect of filter parameters and cigarette design on smoke composition and combustion mechanism (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Much attention has also been paid to the influence of smoking regime on "tar", nicotine and other smoke components deliveries in particulate phase and gas phase (15)(16)(17)(18). PURKIS' research showed that the temperature of the smoke passing through the filter under HCI smoking regime was significantly higher than under ISO smoking regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtration and Retention Characteristics of Smoke Components in Filters

Jin

Peng

et al. 2014

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SUMMARYThe filtration and retention characteristics of nicotine, phenol, benzo [a]pyrene (B[a]P), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia in conventional cellulose acetate fiber filters were investigated. By quantitatively analyzing their contents released in mainstream smoke and retained in filters, their filtration efficiencies, taken as the ratio of filter retention content to total yield, were determined under both International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Health Canadian Intense (HCI) smoking regimes. Using a precision laser cutter, the filters were either cut transversely into 5-7 segments for longitudinal distribution pattern study, or cut transversely into 3 segments firstly and then each segment was cut concentrically into 3 concentric segments for spatial distribution pattern study. Contents of the named smoke components retained in these filter segments were quantitatively analyzed. The data were calibrated and then processed with interpolation analysis and polynomial fitting. The longitudinal distribution patterns for all components mentioned above, as well as spatial distribution patterns for nicotine, phenol, HCN, ammonia and crotonaldehyde, were obtained. The filtration efficiencies of different smoke components varied between 24% and 15% for HCN, 87% and 92% for phenol under ISO and HCI smoking regimes respectively. The filtration efficiencies of all the studied components under HCI smoking were lower than under ISO smoking to different extents except phenol which showed the opposite trend. Different mainstream smoke components have their own retention behavior and distribution characteristics which are determined by the physical and chemical properties of the component and its interaction with cellulose acetate fiber and the glycerol triacetate within the filter. The diversity of retention distribution patterns of different components shows the high complexity of cigarette smoke filtration in filters. [Beitr. Tabakforsch Int. 26 (2014)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Filtration and Retention Characteristics of Smoke Components in Filters

Jin

Peng

et al. 2014

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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“…Performance and efficiency of cigarette filters are often evaluated using standard machine smoking parameters (or regimes) based on comparing mainstream smoke yields of cigarettes equipped with these filter in laboratory conditions (13). These standard smoking protocols do not represent how a cigarette might be used by a smoker (17). Humans smoke a cigarette in a variety of different ways, only specially designed smoking machines can replicate the varied range of puffing parameters based on recorded human puffing topography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure and Gas Flow Distribution Inside the Filter of a Non-Filter Ventilated Lit Cigarette During Puffing

Cui

Zhao

et al. 2017

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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SUMMARYEstablishing a realistic gas flow velocity distribution inside a cigarette filter during smoking is important to understand filtration mechanisms of different mainstream smoke species and the overall effect of filter designs on mainstream smoke composition. In this paper, an experimental method is described which directly measures the gas pressure field inside a cellulose acetate filter during cigarette smoking. This was demonstrated by using 3R4F research reference cigarettes smoked under a 35 mL puff of 6 s duration. In addition, filter temperature measurements were also carried out at multiple locations within the filter. Both the temperature and pressure sensing locations were selected to match the radial and longitudinal directions of the cigarette filter. The temperature and pressure measurements were then used to calculate the velocity according to Darcy's Law along the mainstream flow direction in the cigarette filter at each puff. The spatially resolved maps of temperature, pressure and flow velocity on a puff-by-puff basis provide useful insights into the dynamic filtration of smoke aerosol under the influence of the approaching burning coal and progressive accumulation of smoke particulate matter. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 27 (2017) 113-124]

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“…A cigarette burning model describing the typical sequential process of cigarette smoking has been recently published (19). This model was derived from three main simple hypotheses:…”

Section: Cigarette Burning Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These issues can lead to high yield variability (16,17), overestimation of " tar" levels (18) and could make the determination of accurate tolerances around ceilings difficult. Previous work (19) investigating the relationship between cigarette yields ("tar", nicotine and CO) and smoking time showed that the burning of a cigarette smoked under various regimes was described by a sequential model of successive steps of puffing and smouldering. These investigations led to the observation that the application of a single smoking regime can provide sufficient information to address product characterisation and monitoring requirements from regulators if associated to the smoulder rate determination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction Model for Cigarette Yields Derived from Data Obtained under Two Different Machine Smoking Regimes

Colard¹

2015

Beiträge Zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research

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Summary“Tar”, nicotine and carbon monoxide (TNCO) cigarette yields determined under different smoking regimes, with and without ventilation blocking, are linearly related to the difference Δt between the smouldering time (cigarette combustion with no puffing) and the smoking time (cigarette combustion with puffing). Δt forms then the basis of yield predictions. The smoulder rate determination used in the calculation of Δt can be difficult for low ignition propensity cigarettes which present some tendency for selfextinguishment. This issue was overcome in a novel testing scheme involving the determination of number of puffs and smoking times under two different smoking regimes and inputting this data into a cigarette burning model. This enabled us to characterise the burning process and provided an extensive set of information such as the mean smoulder rate between puffs or the mass of tobacco burnt during puffs regardless of the smoking regime applied.Good correlations were observed between the mass of tobacco burnt during puffs and TNCO or B[a]P yields. Correlations provide a way to link yields from one smoking regime to another and confirm that yields determined from one regime are sufficient to establish the relationships between yields and smoking intensity. It was concluded that smoke yields for arbitrary smoking regimes can potentially be predicted by determining the puff numbers and smoking times from two different smoking regimes and the smoke yields from only one regime. This testing scheme allows a comprehensive characterisation of a cigarette at reduced cost. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2015) 320-333]

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Relationship Between Cigarette Yields and Smoking Time Under Different Machine Smoking Regimes

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Filtration and Retention Characteristics of Smoke Components in Filters

Filtration and Retention Characteristics of Smoke Components in Filters

Pressure and Gas Flow Distribution Inside the Filter of a Non-Filter Ventilated Lit Cigarette During Puffing

Prediction Model for Cigarette Yields Derived from Data Obtained under Two Different Machine Smoking Regimes

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