Relationship between Coffee Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults: Data from the 2013–2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

BackgroundThe gradually increasing demand for coffee worldwide has prompted increased interest in the relationship between coffee and health issues as well as a need for research on metabolic syndrome in adults.MethodsData from 3,321 subjects (1,268 men and 2,053 women) enrolled in the 2013–2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their daily coffee consumption. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for metabolic syndrome in the coffee-drinking groups were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis by adjusting for confounding variables.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 15.5%, 10.7%, and 9.7% in men and 3.0%, 7.1%, and 6.5% in women according to their coffee consumption (less than one, one or two, or more than three cups of coffee per day), respectively. Compared with the non-coffee consumption group, the ORs (95% CIs) for metabolic syndrome in the group that consumed more than three cups of coffee was 0.638 (0.328–1.244) for men and 1.344 (0.627–2.881) for women after adjusting for age, body mass index, household income, education, smoking, alcohol, regular exercise, and daily caloric intake.ConclusionThe OR of metabolic syndrome was not statistically significant in both men and women.

Moderate coffee consumption is inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome in the Korean adult population

“…To reduce confounding problems inherent in observational studies, we controlled for dietary intakes of many food groups as well as health behaviours such as smoking and alcohol consumption. Our results were different from those of previous studies which explored the relation of coffee consumption and the metabolic syndrome among Korean adults (13)(14)(15) in that we suggested that moderate coffee consumption of 3-4 times/d was associated with the metabolic syndrome. The differences in results might be due to selection of the study population by rigorous criteria and adjustment for dietary intakes of many food groups in the analyses.…”

Coffee Intake and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis

“…A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Detailed information on these studies is delineated in Table S2.…”

“…Detailed information on these studies is delineated in Table S2. In brief, out of the 12 studies, six studies provided the results for overall adiposity based on BMI [5,6,7,8,11,13] and 10 studies for central adiposity based on WC [4,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. By study design, 11 studies were cross-sectional studies and one study was a cohort study [15].…”

“…Considering that obesity has been established as a major underlying cause for the aforementioned health risks, it is plausible that coffee intake may be associated with reduced risk of obesity. Several studies have examined the effect of coffee intake on adiposity, as assessed by diverse anthropometric measures including body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. However, the results are largely inconsistent with results ranging from suggesting anti-obesity benefit [1,16,17] to reporting no effect [8,11] and even indicating increased obesity associated with higher coffee consumption [6,7].…”

The Role of Coffee Consumption in the Treatment of Obesity

“…15 Kahvenin obezite, nöroplastitite ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, metabolik sendrom, antioksidan sistem üzerine olumlu etkileri olduğu gösterilmiştir. 6,8,[16][17][18][19] Bunların yanı sıra, kahve tüketiminden sonra duygusal durumda ve bilişsel performansta iyileşme, uzun süreli egzersiz sırasında dayanıklılıkta gelişme olduğu ifade edilmektedir. 20 Son zamanlarda bağırsak mikrobiyotası ve sağlık üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sayısı artmıştır.…”