Relationship between concentration of citrate and ketone bodies in cow's milk

Abstract

The authors' hypothesis is that the members of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) such as citrate decrease in association with increased ketone body formation. To prove this hypothesis the connection between ketone bodies and citrate formation of milk was studied. A fluorimetric method was used to determine citrate and a headspace sampling gas chromatographic (GC) method was developed for determination of ketone bodies. Under real conditions of milk sampling, transport and storage, preserved milk samples of 119 clinically healthy dairy cows obtained in the 48 hours after milking were investigated. A low level of acetoacetate (ACAC) was found in all samples. This fact can be explained by the spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate during sample storage (previously decarboxylised acetoacetate = pdACAC) and, consequently, the majority of the amount of acetoacetate in the samples (AC+pdACAC) appeared in the measured acetone concentrations. Based on the measured acetone concentration of milk samples two groups were formed retrospectively: HA (high-acetone) group (n = 41) with an AC+pdACAC concentration of > 0.4 mmol/l and a LA (lowacetone) group (n = 78) with an AC+pdACAC level of ≤ 0.4 mmol/l. In the milk of cows of Group HA a positive correlation (r = +0.623) and linear connection between acetone (AC+pdACAC) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) levels was found [BOHB = 2.491 + 0.586 × (pdAC + ACAC)]. Furthermore, in this group a negative correlation between citrate and BOHB and AC+pdACAC was also established (r = -0.579). Focusing on the results of this group the authors found a significant drop of AC+pdACAC and citrate during the metabolically critical first 1-4 weeks of lactation. For this reason they suggest that simple, easy, automated methods (i.e. flow injection analysis, Fourier transformation infrared analysis) should be introduced for the simultaneous determination of acetone and citrate concentration in milk to make the evaluation of the energy status of highproducing dairy cows easier and more certain.

Effect of organic farming on selected raw cow milk components and properties

“…There is probably necessity of better energy nutrition solution . In addition to elevated ketogenesis, further metabolic changes such as decreased amount of tricarbonic acid cycle (TCA-cycle) intermediates might be expected in the extracellular fl uids during energy defi ciency (Baticz et al, 2002). The citric acid (CA) is an important member of TCA-cycle but the diff erence between citric acid content in milk from O and C herds was not signifi cant (Tab.…”

Effect of sires on wide scale of milk indicators in first calving Czech Fleckvieh cows

“…Milk citric acid could be also a good indicator of animal energy metabolism (low CA means low energy maintenance) according to more papers (Khaled et al 1999, Baticz et al 2002, Garnsworthy et al 2006). The lower milk CA the higher the energy deficiency and vice versa.…”

Analyse of Relationships Between Some Milk Indicators of Cow Energy Metabolism and Ketosis State

“…Therefore the predicative value of component quotients as fat/crude protein (F/CP) and fat/lactose (F/L) was studied (Geishauser and Ziebell, 1995;Duffield et al, 1997;Steen et al, 1996;Reist et al, 2002;Eicher, 2004;van Knegsel et al, 2010;Siebert and Pallauf, 2010;Hanuš et al, 2011b;Manzenreiter et al, 2013) in terms of possibilities for NEB (Heuer et al, 2001b) and subclinical and clinical ketosis investigation. Also ketones and their diagnostical and predicative value and objective thresholds as possible health indicators were studied (Gravert et al, 1986;Famigli-Bergamini, 1987;Gustafsson and Emanuelson, 1996;Baticz et al, 2002;de Roos et al, 2007;Duffield et al, 2009;van Knegsel et al, 2010;Hanuš et al, 2011b) in dairy cows.…”