Relationship between Concentrations of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Bagshawe, K. D.; Orr, A. Hilary; Rushworth, A. G. J.

doi:10.1038/217950a0

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…LH has also been immunolocalized to the cytoplasm of neurons of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the human and rat brains (Hostetter et al 1981, Emanuele et al 1983, Bowen et al 2002, and is found in the cerebrospinal fluid (Bagshawe et al 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human neurons express type I GnRH receptor and respond to GnRH I by increasing luteinizing hormone expression

Wilson¹,

Salamat²,

Haasl³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor I (GnRHR I) has been localized to the limbic system of the rat brain, although the functional consequences of GnRH signaling through these receptors is unknown. In this paper, we characterize the expression of GnRHR I in the human hippocampus and cortex, and the functionality of GnRHR I in human neuroblastoma cells. Robust GnRHR I immunoreactivity was detected in the cell body as well as along the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the CA2, CA1, and end plate, but was clearly lower in the subiculum of the hippocampus. Immunolabeling was also evident in cortical neurons, including those located in the entorhinal cortex and occipitotemporal gyrus but was not observed within the granular layer of the dentate gyrus. No differences in immunohistochemical staining were observed between control and Alzheimer's disease brain. GnRHR I mRNA and protein (mature, immature, and other variant) expression was detected in human neuroblastoma cells (M17, SH-SY5Y) and rat embryonic primary neurons and varied with differentiation and GnRH treatment. Since GnRHR I was expressed by extrapituitary cells, and hypothalamic GnRH I secretion markedly increases post-menopause/andropause, we treated human M17 neuroblastoma cells cultured in serum-free conditions with GnRH I for 6 h and measured LH expression. M17 neuroblastoma cells express LHb mRNA, while immunoblot analysis indicated the presence of three LH variants (approximately 30, 47, and 60 kDa) that were upregulated by low concentrations of GnRH I, but downregulated at higher GnRH I concentrations. LH expression was also found to increase in differentiating embryonic rat primary cortical neurons. Our results demonstrate that neurons expressing GnRHR I are functional, responding to GnRH I by upregulating LH production. Post-reproductive surges in GnRH I secretion may explain the accumulation of LH in pyramidal neurons of the aged human and rat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human neurons express type I GnRH receptor and respond to GnRH I by increasing luteinizing hormone expression

Wilson¹,

Salamat²,

Haasl³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Estimates of the gonado¬ trophic content of over 30,000 urine samples have been consistent with clinical evidence of the endocrine status of the hospital patients and normal subjects studied. Unconcentrated spinal fluid from normal non-pregnant subjects was unreactive in the system, but spinal fluid from patients with increased HCG-LH plasma values were active in proportion to the plasma concentration (Bagshawe, Orr & Rushworth 1968). The mean excretion rate of the active material by bilaterally oophorectomized females was 4-5 times that of normal adult males (A. H. Orr, A. P. Ward & K. D. Bagshawe, unpublished), and approximately 30 times that of normal prepubertal children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Cross-Reaction in Radioimmunoassay Between Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin and Plasma From Various Species

Kd¹,

Ah²,

Godden³

1968

Journal of Endocrinology

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Radioimmunological cross-reactions between human chorionic gonadotrophin and heterologous plasma and pituitary extracts from various species have been examined. Where serial dilutions of a sample do not yield a curve parallel with similar dilutions of the reference standard, quantitative estimations are not possible, but relative potencies can be determined. Such relative potencies against purified heterologous gonadotrophins may be useful for the study of species whose gonadotrophins have not been purified adequately for isotopic labelling in a species-specific radioimmunoassay.

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“…Moreover, comparing the ratio HCG concentration fetal plasma/fetal CSF with the very much higher ratios found by Bagshawe et al (5) in his cases, one may, perhaps, be justified to assume that the transport of HCG from plasma to spinal fluid in the fetus differs from that in the adult, plasma/CSF ratio being substantially lower and suggesting incomplete development of the blood brain barrier for this hormone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Care was taken to ensure that no contamination of amniotic fluid and CSF with blood occurred. All fluids were kept frozen until assayed for HCG by radioimmunoas say by the method of Bagshawe et al (5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Concentrations of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) in Maternal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid and Fetal Cerebrospinal Fluid

Zondek¹,

Zondek²

1976

Neonatology

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The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 fetuses of 13–24 weeks of gestation has been assayed for the presence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The results demonstrated that small amounts of HCG were present in the fetal CSF and showed highest values at 13 weeks, gradually falling to very low values by 19 and 24 weeks of gestation. No correlation appeared to exist between HCG concentration in maternal plasma and HCG concentration in fetal CSF, whereas a significant correlation could be demonstrated between HCG concentration in amniotic fluid and HCG concentration in fetal CSF. It may also be suggested that the blood brain barrier for HCG is incompletely developed in the fetus but this problem requires further investigation.

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Relationship between Concentrations of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Human neurons express type I GnRH receptor and respond to GnRH I by increasing luteinizing hormone expression

Human neurons express type I GnRH receptor and respond to GnRH I by increasing luteinizing hormone expression

Cross-Reaction in Radioimmunoassay Between Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin and Plasma From Various Species

Relationship between Concentrations of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG) in Maternal Plasma, Amniotic Fluid and Fetal Cerebrospinal Fluid

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