PURPOSE Lower continuity of care has been associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes for persons with multiple chronic medical conditions. It is unclear, however, whether this relationship also exists within integrated systems that offer high levels of informational continuity through shared electronic health records.
METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 12,200 seniors with 3 or more chronic conditions within an integrated delivery system. Continuity of care was calculated using the Continuity of Care Index, which reflects visit concentration with individual clinicians. Using Cox proportional hazards regression permitting continuity to vary monthly until the outcome or censoring event, we separately assessed inpatient admissions and emergency department visits as a function of primary care continuity and specialty care continuity.
RESULTSAfter adjusting for covariates (demographics; baseline, primary, and specialty care visits; baseline outcomes; and morbidity burden), greater primary care continuity and greater specialty care continuity were each associated with a lower risk of inpatient admission (respective hazard ratios (95% CIs) = 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) and 0.95 (0.93, 0.98)) and a lower risk of emergency department visits (respective hazard ratios = 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) and 0.98 (0.96, 1.00)). For the subgroup with 3 or more primary care and 3 or more specialty care visits, specialty care continuity (but not primary care continuity) was independently associated with a decreased risk of inpatient admissions (hazard ratio = 0.94 (0.92, 0.97)), and primary care continuity (but not specialty care continuity) was associated with a decreased risk of emergency department visits (hazard ratio = 0.98 (0.96, 1.00)).
CONCLUSIONSIn an integrated delivery system with high informational continuity, greater continuity of care is independently associated with lower hospital utilization for seniors with multiple chronic medical conditions. Different subgroups of patients will benefit from continuity with primary and specialty care clinicians depending on their care needs. Ann Fam Med 2015;13:123-129. doi: 10.1370/afm.1739.
INTRODUCTIONF or older patients with multiple chronic medical conditions (MCCs), greater morbidity is associated with higher rates of hospitalization, emergency service use, and receipt of outpatient care. [1][2][3][4] The older MCC population is also vulnerable to care fragmentation: such patients see more clinicians for both chronic and acute-on-chronic conditions. 5,6 This care fragmentation is risky as studies of older populations indicate that low continuity of care (COC) is associated with greater inappropriate medication prescribing, higher cost of care, more avoidable hospitalizations, greater use of emergency services, and higher all-cause mortality. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Several definitions of COC have been developed to capture the separate constructs of information exchange, longitudinal interpersonal relationships, and coordinated care that comprise care continuity.14...