Relationship Between Cortical Iron and Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults With Cognitive Complaints: A Quantitative Susceptibility Map Study

Yang, Juan; Lee, Subin; Moon, Yeonsil; Lee, Jong-Ho; Moon, Won-Jin

doi:10.13104/imri.2023.0002

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…Iron accumulation in the CNS has been linked with insulin resistance and reduced cognitive performance in obese individuals [82] as well as with diabetes mellitus, aging, and Alzheimer's disease [83]. Some have suggested that insulin resistance increases iron levels in the CNS which then facilitates the development of Alzheimer's disease [84], while others have proposed that iron accumulation facilitates insulin resistance and hyperphosphorylation of tau [85].…”

Section: Insulin Resistance and Cns Iron Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Potential Mechanisms Accounting for Iron Accumulation in the Central Nervous System of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

LeVine

2024

Cells

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Elevated levels of iron occur in both cortical and subcortical regions of the CNS in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This accumulation is present early in the disease process as well as in more advanced stages. The factors potentially accounting for this increase are numerous, including: (1) Cells increase their uptake of iron and reduce their export of iron, as iron becomes sequestered (trapped within the lysosome, bound to amyloid β or tau, etc.); (2) metabolic disturbances, such as insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupt cellular iron homeostasis; (3) inflammation, glutamate excitotoxicity, or other pathological disturbances (loss of neuronal interconnections, soluble amyloid β, etc.) trigger cells to acquire iron; and (4) following neurodegeneration, iron becomes trapped within microglia. Some of these mechanisms are also present in other neurological disorders and can also begin early in the disease course, indicating that iron accumulation is a relatively common event in neurological conditions. In response to pathogenic processes, the directed cellular efforts that contribute to iron buildup reflect the importance of correcting a functional iron deficiency to support essential biochemical processes. In other words, cells prioritize correcting an insufficiency of available iron while tolerating deposited iron. An analysis of the mechanisms accounting for iron accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease, and in other relevant neurological conditions, is put forward.

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Section: Insulin Resistance and Cns Iron Accumulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Potential Mechanisms Accounting for Iron Accumulation in the Central Nervous System of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

LeVine

2024

Cells

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Cortical Iron Accumulation as an Imaging Marker for Neurodegeneration in Clinical Cognitive Impairment Spectrum: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study

Kim,

Lee,

Yang

et al. 2023

Korean J Radiol

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Objective Cortical iron deposition has recently been shown to occur in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to evaluate how cortical gray matter iron, measured using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), differs in the clinical cognitive impairment spectrum. Materials and Methods This retrospective study evaluated 73 participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 66.7 ± 7.6 years; 52 females and 21 males) with normal cognition (NC), 158 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 48 patients with AD dementia. The participants underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging using a three-dimensional multi-dynamic multi-echo sequence on a 3-T scanner. We employed a deep neural network (QSMnet+) and used automatic segmentation software based on FreeSurfer v6.0 to extract anatomical labels and volumes of interest in the cortex. We used analysis of covariance to investigate the differences in susceptibility among the clinical diagnostic groups in each brain region. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to study the association between susceptibility values and cognitive scores including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results Among the three groups, the frontal ( P < 0.001), temporal ( P = 0.004), parietal ( P = 0.001), occipital ( P < 0.001), and cingulate cortices ( P < 0.001) showed a higher mean susceptibility in patients with MCI and AD than in NC subjects. In the combined MCI and AD group, the mean susceptibility in the cingulate cortex (β = -216.21, P = 0.019) and insular cortex (β = -276.65, P = 0.001) were significant independent predictors of MMSE scores after correcting for age, sex, education, regional volume, and APOE4 carrier status. Conclusion Iron deposition in the cortex, as measured by QSMnet+, was higher in patients with AD and MCI than in NC participants. Iron deposition in the cingulate and insular cortices may be an early imaging marker of cognitive impairment related neurodegeneration.

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Relationship Between Cortical Iron and Diabetes Mellitus in Older Adults With Cognitive Complaints: A Quantitative Susceptibility Map Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 38 publications

Exploring Potential Mechanisms Accounting for Iron Accumulation in the Central Nervous System of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Exploring Potential Mechanisms Accounting for Iron Accumulation in the Central Nervous System of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Cortical Iron Accumulation as an Imaging Marker for Neurodegeneration in Clinical Cognitive Impairment Spectrum: A Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Study

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