Relationship between depression and diabetes in pregnancy: A systematic review

Abstract

AIMTo systematically review the literature on women with both diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) and depression during or after pregnancy.METHODSIn this systematic literature review, PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched (13 November 2015) using terms for diabetes (type 1, type 2, or gestational), depression, and pregnancy (no language or date restrictions). Publications that reported on women who had both DIP (any type) and depression or depressive symptoms before, during, or within one year after pregnancy were considered for inclusion. All study types were eligible for inclusion; conference abstracts, narrative reviews, nonclinical letters, editorials, and commentaries were excluded, unless they provided treatment guidance.RESULTSOf 1189 articles identified, 48 articles describing women with both DIP and depression were included (sample sizes 36 to > 32 million). Overall study quality was poor; most studies were observational, and only 12 studies (mostly retrospective database studies) required clinical depression diagnosis. The prevalence of concurrent DIP (any type) and depression in general populations of pregnant women ranged from 0% to 1.6% (median 0.61%; 12 studies). The prevalence of depression among women with gestational diabetes ranged from 4.1% to 80% (median 14.7%; 16 studies). Many studies examined whether DIP was a risk factor for depression or depression was a risk factor for DIP. However, there was no clear consensus for either relationship. Importantly, we found limited guidance on the management of women with both DIP and depression.CONCLUSIONGiven the increasing prevalence of diabetes and depression, high-quality research and specific guidance for management of pregnant women with both conditions are warranted.

Depressive Symptoms in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The LINDA-Brazil Study

“…The high variability of the results is due to differences among populations and when the data were collected, in addition to the factors that were mentioned above [11]. Furthermore, no specific studies were found on GDM and depression in the Brazilian population.…”

Glycemic control and healthcare utilization following pregnancy among women with pre-existing diabetes in Navajo Nation

“…None of the patient comorbidities assessed were predictive of outcome in our univariate analyses, although small study size may have prevented several (depression, substance use disorder, and complicated diabetes) from reaching statistical significance. Depression and diabetes in pregnancy have been studied extensively without clear consensus about their associative relationship, and our study again underscores a need for specific research into this area [24]. The link between these and alcohol/substance abuse, which together have been described as a comorbid “triad”, are certainly plausible from a socioecological and biological perspective [25].…”

Tender Coconut Water Inhibits the Process of Lipid Peroxidation, Reduce Glucose Levels and Increase Plasma Insulin in Pregnant Diabetic Rats

“…There are three main pathways to cell apoptosis which are: (1). DNA methylation through ion carbonium formation (CH 3+ ) can cause activation from poly ADP-ribosesynthase enzyme as part of the cellular repairing mechanism and as result, there is decrease of Nicotinamide Adenid Dinukeotida(NAD + ); (2). NO Production; (3).…”

“…in the United States prevalence of GDM increased by 56%. 2 After the baby is born, usually GDM disappear. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) were conducted for six weeks after delivery to make sure that the blood glucose is back to normal.…”