Relationship between dietary factors and the number of altered metabolic syndrome components in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Abstract

ObjectivesTo study the correlation between dietary factors and the number of altered metabolic syndrome components (MetS) in Chinese adults systematically.SettingA cross-sectional study using demographic and dietary data of adults aged 18–75 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2009) was conducted in nine provinces in China.ParticipantsThere were 6034 eligible subjects (2800 men and 3234 women) in this study.OutcomesThe primary outcome of this study were diet assessments and the number of altered MetS components. Dietary intake was measured using a combination of a 3-day period with 24-hour and household food inventory; average daily intakes of nutrients were estimated according to the Chinese Food Composition Table. Blood samples were analysed in a national central laboratory and the number of clustering MetS components was calculated by adding the presence of each MetS component.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, and taking zero MetS as comparison, the high risk factors correlating with increased numbers of altered MetS components in men were higher intake of protein (70.4–73.4 g; Ptrend=0.0004), cholesterol (238.7–266.6 mg; Ptrend=0.004), meat (90.6–105.7 g; Ptrend=0.016), fish/seafood (30.4–42.3 g; Ptrend=0.001), and lower intake of coarse cereals (16.5–12.7 g; Ptrend=0.051), tubers (37.3–32.7 g; Ptrend=0.030), and dietary fibre (11.7–11.5 g; ANCOVA p=0.058). Meanwhile, the high risk factors correlating with the increased number of altered MetS components in women were higher intake of wheat (101.9–112.6 g; Ptrend=0.066) and sodium (3862.3–4005.7 mg, Ptrend=0.032), and lower intake of β-carotene (1578.6–1382.7 µg; Ptrend=0.007), milk, and dairy products (17.8–11.5 g; Ptrend=0.002).ConclusionsSome foods and nutritional factors correlate with an increased number of altered MetS components in Chinese adults. More prospective, multicentre and clinical research work to further examine these associations is underway.

Reduced insulin resistance partly mediated the association of high dietary magnesium intake with less metabolic syndrome in a large Chinese population

“…Insulin resistance has been implicated in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) [9]. MetS, a highly widespread disease among developed and developing populations, is characterized by a cluster of risk factors that threatens public health and increases disability, mortality, and health-care costs [10,11]. As mentioned earlier, researches supported the notion that low intakes of dietary Mg may contribute to insulin resistance.…”

“…The 2009 CHNS combined data from three consecutive days of 24-hour dietary recall and a household food inventory to assess individual consumption [10]. Individual dietary intake for three consecutive days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) was collected for every household member.…”

Protocol: The relationship between vitamin A and body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Thus, there are a considerable amount of cross-sectional studies looking at both dietary intake of individuals and serum concentrations of nutrients (Li et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2008). The majority of cross-sectional studies are based on a subsample of individuals from a larger epidemiological study such as a cohort or a national health and examination survey (Wang et al, 2008;Cheng et al, 2017;Beydoun et al, 2012).…”

“…For instance, the Tehran lipid and glucose study reports nutrient intake for individuals with insulin resistance and individuals without (Mirmiran et al, 2016). Studies that report MS sometimes split participants by the number of MS components observed (Cheng et al, 2017). In these cases, individuals with insulin resistance or with the most components of MS will have a BMI of >25kg/m 2 and the controls will be individuals with no components of MS or with a BMI of <25kg/m 2 .…”

“…Thus, there are a considerable amount of cross-sectional studies looking at both dietary intake of individuals and serum concentrations of nutrients (Li et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2008). The majority of cross-sectional studies are based on a subsample of individuals from a larger epidemiological study such as a cohort or a national health and examination survey (Wang et al, 2008;Cheng et al, 2017;Beydoun et al, 2012).Case-control studies involve collecting data from a selection of healthy individuals that are not at risk of an exposure and individuals that are exposed. For instance, cases may be individuals with MS, T2D, NAFLD or overweight subjects and the controls without the disease or with a BMI of <25kg/m 2 (Godala et al, 2016; Van Campenhout et al, 2006;Botella-Carretero et al, 2010).…”