Relationship between egg size and subgroup J avian leukosis virus in eggs from broiler breeders

Spencer, J. L.; Chan, M.; Nadin-Davis, Susan A.

doi:10.1080/03079450020016878

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Body weight suppression has also been shown in leghorns infected with several ALV subgroups (A, B, C, D and F), subgroup C being most severe in this regard (Carter & Smith, 1984). Spencer et al (2000) have shown that lighter eggs (<60 g) from subgroup J-positive broiler breeder flocks with myeloid leukosis tested more frequently positive for group-specific antigen and virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of an in ovo infection with a Dutch avian leukosis virus subgroup J isolate on the growth and immunological performance of SPF broiler chickens

Landman¹,

Post²,

Boonstra-Blom³

et al. 2002

Avian Pathology

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The effect of an in ovo infection with a Dutch isolate of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) on the growth of specific pathogen free (SPF) broiler chickens was analysed. During this study, possible immune suppressive effects of ALV-J were assessed by measuring delayed-type hypersensitivity with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH), natural killer (NK) cell activity, the production of radicals of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages, humoral immune response against Newcastle and infectious bursal disease vaccine viruses, and automated total and differential leukocyte counts. In an attempt to elucidate the underlying causal mechanisms of the induced growth retardation, 3,39 ,5-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in serum were measured. Four experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, ALV-J-injected birds were compared with ALV subgroup A (ALV-A)-injected and negative control chickens. In experiment 2, ALV-J-injected birds were only compared with negative controls. Finally, in experiments 3a and 3b, ALV-J-injected chickens were compared with negative controls and a group of chickens in which only 10% of birds had been injected with ALV-J. Birds were injected in ovo at day 7 of incubation with 10 4 median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50 ) ALV-J or ALV-A, except in experiment 3a where 10 2 TCID 50 ALV-J was injected. Significant growth suppression was found in all 100% of ALV-J-infected groups. The average growth retardation of ALV-J-infected birds compared with negative controls at 6 weeks of age was approximately 8, 11, 2.5 and 6% for the four successive experiments performed. The delayed-type hypersensitivity test against KLH of ALV-J-infected birds showed a tendency towards lower wattle thickness; however, the difference with controls was not significant (P > 0.05). The same was true for NK cell activity and NO production by macrophages, although the difference was not significant. The total and differential leukocyte counts performed on blood samples from birds at 3, 4 and 6 weeks of age as well as the humoral immune response against Newcastle and infectious bursal disease vaccine viruses did not show significant differences between treatment groups either. Only the number of basophils were significantly higher (P = 0.02) in ALV-J-infected birds at 3 weeks of age. No significant lower T 3 levels were found in ALV-J-infected birds in weeks 2 and 3 (experiment 2) and weeks 3 and 5 (experiment 3b); however, at 4 weeks (experiment 2) and 6 weeks (experiment 3b) of age, T 3 levels were significantly lower suggesting mild hypothyroidism in these broilers. In conclusion, the present experiments show the occurrence of significant growth retardation in SPF broilers after an ALV-J in ovo infection. The various studies performed to assess the immune competence of ALV-J-infected chickens did not show significant differences in immune responsiveness. The assays on cellular immunity showed a tendency to a lower response in ALV-J-infected birds, but these differences were not statistically significant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of an in ovo infection with a Dutch avian leukosis virus subgroup J isolate on the growth and immunological performance of SPF broiler chickens

Landman¹,

Post²,

Boonstra-Blom³

et al. 2002

Avian Pathology

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“…In the field, the presence of ALV-J infection is associated with variable tumor types, including myelocytoma, renal tumors, hemangioma, and others (9, 29, 29a, 30). The high incidence of tumors decreases production, and virus eradication increases production costs (7,22,28). Simple, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic methods for detection of ALV-J need to be developed to address the need for the rapid diagnosis (16,17,26,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus

et al. 2010

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Infection of breeder flocks in China with subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) has increased recently. In this study, we have developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid detection of ALV-J from culture isolates and clinical samples. The ALV-J-specific LAMP assay efficiently amplified the target gene within 45 min at 63°C using only a simple laboratory water bath. To determine the specificity of the LAMP assay, various subgroup ALVs and other related viruses were detected. A ladder pattern on gel electrophoresis was observed for ALV-J isolates but not for other viruses. To evaluate the sensitivities of the LAMP assay and conventional PCR, the NX0101 isolate plasmid DNA was amplified by them. The detection limit of the LAMP assay was 5 target gene copies/reaction, which was up to 20 times higher than that of conventional PCR. To evaluate the application of the LAMP assay for detection of ALV-J in clinical samples, 49 samples suspected of ALV infection from breeder flocks were tested by the LAMP assay and PCR. Moreover, virus isolation from these samples was also performed using cell culture. The positive-sample ratios were 21/49 (43%) by conventional PCR, 26/49 (53%) by the LAMP assay, and 19/46 (41%) by virus isolation. Additionally, a positive LAMP reaction can be visually ascertained by the observation of turbidity or a color change after addition of SYBR green I dye. Consequently, the LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive diagnostic method and can potentially be developed for rapid detection of ALV-J infection in the field.Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs), which belong to the Alpharetrovirus genus of the family Retroviridae, can induce transmissible benign and malignant neoplasms in poultry (13, 24). ALVs are divided into subgroups based primarily on virus neutralization, their host range, and viral interference patterns (4, 5, 13). The envelope glycoprotein (gp85) is responsible for subgroup specificity. In general, the endogenous nonpathogenic subgroup E viruses are present in nearly all chicken lines (13,26). Subgroup C and D viruses are rarely seen in the field. The exogenous viruses (subgroups A, B, and J) mainly induce lymphoid leukosis (LL) and myeloid leukosis (ML) in field flocks (13). In the late 1980s, the prototype strain of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J), HPRS-103, was first isolated from commercial meat-type chickens in the United Kingdom (22). ALV-J infection subsequently caused heavy losses worldwide in broiler breeder stocks. Many strains of ALV-J have been reported worldwide in the past 20 years (2,11,30). Sequence analysis has demonstrated that the gp85 genes of subgroups A to E are closely related, sharing around 85% nucleotide sequence identity with each other. However, the HPRS-103 gp85 gene shares only 40% identity with members of other subgroups. The gp85 genes of endogenous avian retroviral sequence (EAV-HP) elements share over 97% identity with that of ALV-J; thus, it was hypothesized that the new avian patho-

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“…That number may well increase; the J subgroup was only discovered in 1989, causing myelocytic myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens (Payne et al 1991a,b;Bai et al, 1995;Payne, 1998). Since its discovery, in the UK, it has been detected elsewhere (Fadly & Smith, 1999;Spencer et al, 2000). Although ALV-J has been largely associated with myelocytic myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens, it has recently been identified as being associated with another neoplasm, erythroblastosi s (Venugopal et al, 2000b), the identity of the subgroup being made by subgroup-specific PCR.…”

Section: Avian Leukosis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although ALV-J has been largely associated with myelocytic myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens, it has recently been identified as being associated with another neoplasm, erythroblastosi s (Venugopal et al, 2000b), the identity of the subgroup being made by subgroup-specific PCR. The latter was also used by Spencer et al (2000) in an investigation of observations in the field that broiler breeders infected with subgroup J virus produced increased numbers of smaller eggs.…”

Section: Avian Leukosis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The great importance commercially of the J subgroup during the past decade has resulted in the development of several primers specific for this type of ALV (Smith et al, 1998a,b;Fadly, 2000;Silva et al, 2000;Spencer et al, 2000). Primers specific for subgroup A exogenous virus (Lupiani et al, 2000) and endogenous subgroup E virus (Fadly, 2000) have been used.…”

Section: Avian Leukosis Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innovation and discovery: The application of nucleic acid-based technology to avian virus detection and characterization

Cavanagh¹

2001

Avian Pathology

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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches to the detection, differentiation and characterization of avian pathogens continue to be developed and refined. The PCRs, or reverse transcriptasePCRs, may be general, designed to detect all or most variants of a pathogen, or to be serotype, genotype or pathotype specific. Progress is being made with respect to making nucleic acid approaches more suitable for use in diagnostic laboratories. Robotic workstations are now available for extraction of nucleic acid from many samples in a short time, for routine diagnosis. Following general PCR, the DNA products are commonly analyzed by restriction endonuclease mapping (restriction fragment length polymorphism), using a small number of restriction endonucleases, based on a large body of sequence data. Increasingly, however, nucleotide sequencing is being used to analyze the DNA product, in part due to the expanding use of non-radioactive sequencing methods that are safe and enable high throughout. In this review, I highlight some recent developments with many avian viruses: Newcastle disease virus; circoviruses in canary and pigeon; infectious bursal disease virus (Gumboro disease virus); avian adenoviruses, including Angara disease/infectious hydropericardium virus, haemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys, and egg drop syndrome virus; avian herpesviruses, including infectious laryngotracheitis virus, duck plague virus, psittacine herpesvirus (Pacheco's parrot disease virus), Marek's disease virus and herpesvirus of turkeys; avian leukosis virus (associated with lymphoid leukosis or myeloid leukosis, and egg transmission); avian pneumoviruses (turkey rhinotracheitis virus); avian coronaviruses, including infectious bronchitis virus, turkey coronavirus and pheasant coronavirus; astrovirus, in the context of poult enteritis and mortality syndrome, and avian nephritis virus; and avian encephalomyelitis virus, a picornavirus related to hepatitis A virus.

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Relationship between egg size and subgroup J avian leukosis virus in eggs from broiler breeders

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of an in ovo infection with a Dutch avian leukosis virus subgroup J isolate on the growth and immunological performance of SPF broiler chickens

Effect of an in ovo infection with a Dutch avian leukosis virus subgroup J isolate on the growth and immunological performance of SPF broiler chickens

Development of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus

Innovation and discovery: The application of nucleic acid-based technology to avian virus detection and characterization

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