Relationship between enamel fluorosis severity and fluoride content

Mier, E. Angeles Martinez; Shone, Devin B.; Buckley, Christine; Ando, Masahiro; Lippert, Frank; Soto-Rojas, Armando E.

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2016.01.007

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Originally, the US Public Health Service set the optimal fluoride concentrations in water from 0.7 to 1.2 mg/L to achieve the maximum reduction in tooth decay and minimize the risk of enamel fluorosis. 38 Fluorosis, or mottling, is a symptom of excess fluoride intake from any source occurring during the period of tooth development. In 2012, 68% of adolescents had very mild to severe enamel fluorosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCE The potential neurotoxicity associated with exposure to fluoride, which has generated controversy about community water fluoridation, remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between fluoride exposure during pregnancy and IQ scores in a prospective birth cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective, multicenter birth cohort study used information from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals cohort. Children were born between 2008 and 2012; 41% lived in communities supplied with fluoridated municipal water. The study sample included 601 mother-child pairs recruited from 6 major cities in Canada; children were between ages 3 and 4 years at testing. Data were analyzed between March 2017 and January 2019. EXPOSURES Maternal urinary fluoride (MUF SG), adjusted for specific gravity and averaged across 3 trimesters available for 512 pregnant women, as well as self-reported maternal daily fluoride intake from water and beverage consumption available for 400 pregnant women. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Children's IQ was assessed at ages 3 to 4 years using the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence-III. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine covariate-adjusted associations between each fluoride exposure measure and IQ score. RESULTS Of 512 mother-child pairs, the mean (SD) age for enrollment for mothers was 32.3 (5.1) years, 463 (90%) were white, and 264 children (52%) were female. Data on MUF SG concentrations, IQ scores, and complete covariates were available for 512 mother-child pairs; data on maternal fluoride intake and children's IQ were available for 400 of 601 mother-child pairs. Women living in areas with fluoridated tap water (n = 141) compared with nonfluoridated water (n = 228) had significantly higher mean (SD) MUF SG concentrations (0.69 [0.42] mg/L vs 0.40 [0.27] mg/L; P = .001; to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.05263) and fluoride intake levels (0.93 [0.43] vs 0.30 [0.26] mg of fluoride per day; P = .001). Children had mean (SD) Full Scale IQ scores of 107.16 (13.26), range 52-143, with girls showing significantly higher mean (SD) scores than boys: 109.56 (11.96) vs 104.61 (14.09); P = .001. There was a significant interaction (P = .02) between child sex and MUF SG (6.89; 95% CI, 0.96-12.82) indicating a differential association between boys and girls. A 1-mg/L increase in MUF SG was associated with a 4.49-point lower IQ score (95% CI, −8.38 to −0.60) in boys, but there was no statistically significant association with IQ scores in girls (B = 2.40; 95% CI, −2.53 to 7.33). A 1-mg higher daily intake of fluoride among pregnant women was associated with a 3.66 lower IQ score (95% CI, −7.16 to −0.14) in boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, maternal exposure to higher levels of fluoride during pregnancy was associated with lower IQ scores in children aged 3 to 4 years. These findings indicate the possible need to reduce fluoride intake during pregnancy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the downsides of excess fluoride levels is the development of brown and mottled teeth (fluorosis). 69 Future technologies may result in the development of alternatives to fluoride with less side effects that would nevertheless improve the mechanical properties of enamel and its caries resistance.…”

Section: In Situ Enamel Engineering (Enamel Surface Remineralization)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enamel biomimetics—fiction or future of dentistry

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tooth enamel is a complex mineralized tissue consisting of long and parallel apatite crystals configured into decussating enamel rods. In recent years, multiple approaches have been introduced to generate or regenerate this highly attractive biomaterial characterized by great mechanical strength paired with relative resilience and tissue compatibility. In the present review, we discuss five pathways toward enamel tissue engineering, (i) enamel synthesis using physico-chemical means, (ii) protein matrix-guided enamel crystal growth, (iii) enamel surface remineralization, (iv) cell-based enamel engineering, and (v) biological enamel regeneration based on de novo induction of tooth morphogenesis. So far, physical synthesis approaches using extreme environmental conditions such as pH, heat and pressure have resulted in the formation of enamel-like crystal assemblies. Biochemical methods relying on enamel proteins as templating matrices have aided the growth of elongated calcium phosphate crystals. To illustrate the validity of this biochemical approach we have successfully grown enamel-like apatite crystals organized into decussating enamel rods using an organic enamel protein matrix. Other studies reviewed here have employed amelogenin-derived peptides or self-assembling dendrimers to re-mineralize mineral-depleted white lesions on tooth surfaces. So far, cell-based enamel tissue engineering has been hampered by the limitations of presently existing ameloblast cell lines. Going forward, these limitations may be overcome by new cell culture technologies. Finally, whole-tooth regeneration through reactivation of the signaling pathways triggered during natural enamel development represents a biological avenue toward faithful enamel regeneration. In the present review we have summarized the state of the art in enamel tissue engineering and provided novel insights into future opportunities to regenerate this arguably most fascinating of all dental tissues.

show abstract

“…Fluorine had to be incorporated into dental enamel during development to exert its maximum protective effect. Its provision in the human body comes mainly by food, water, environmental and toothpaste exposure [4][5][6]. Fluoroprophylaxis may be applied to patients with fluoride deficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear reaction applied to fluorine depth profiles in human dental tissues

Torrisi

2019

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nuclear reaction 19F(p, αγ)16O is presented as a valid method to measure the fluorine content in the first superficial layers of teeth. The analysis is performed in-vitro in extracted teeth, both healthy, fluorotic and decayed. It is performed irradiating the tooth with an energetic proton beam and analyzing the emitted high energy alpha particles. The quantitative analysis is performed comparing results with that of a standard sample at a known concentration. The depth profile of fluorine has a maximum content in the first superficial layers. The average concentrations in healthy enamel are of the order of 2 mg/g; it is of about 10 mg/g in fluorotic teeth, and below 0.1 mg/g in decayed teeth. The concentration in the dentine is about 50% lower than in the enamel and the concentrations decrease going from incisors to premolar and to molar teeth. Many results and a literature comparison are presented and discussed.

show abstract

Relationship between enamel fluorosis severity and fluoride content

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada

Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada

Enamel biomimetics—fiction or future of dentistry

Nuclear reaction applied to fluorine depth profiles in human dental tissues

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About