Relationship between eye acceleration and retinal image velocity during foveal smooth pursuit in man and monkey.

Lisberger, S. G.; Evinger, Craig; Johanson, G W; Fuchs, Albert F.

doi:10.1152/jn.1981.46.2.229

Cited by 328 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…Since the maximum acceleration of a sine wave is proportional to its amplitude times the square of its frequency, our components had in principle a maximum acceleration which increased linearly with frequency. If the findings of Lisberger et al (1981) applied for our conditions as well, we should have found a smooth pursuit gain which decreased with increasing frequency, but we did not (Figs. 4 and 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…16). Lisberger, Evinger, Johanson & Fuchs (1981) found that smooth pursuit is a function of the maximal acceleration of the target. This is not clearly supported by our results on pursuit of pseudo-random stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 and 5). Lisberger et al (1981), however, used a completely different pseudo-random stimulus. It was essentially a single sine wave which could change its direction only when it crossed a zero-velocity point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human smooth and saccadic eye movements during voluntary pursuit of different target motions on different backgrounds.

Collewijn¹,

Tamminga²

1984

The Journal of Physiology

468

136

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SUMMARY1. Horizontal and vertical eye movements of ten human subjects were recorded with a scleral induction-coil technique during voluntary pursuit of sinusoidal, triangular and pseudo-random target motions of different frequency, amplitude and dimensionality upon a dark, diffuse or structured background.2. Data processing included separation of the composite eye movement into a cumulative smooth and saccadic displacement, computation of gain and phase of the composite and smooth eye movements with respect to the target movement and analysis of retinal position error.3. Pursuit eye movements were never completely smooth. Smooth pursuit gain was always lower than 0-95 and saccades were used to supplement the smooth eye movements in pursuing the target with the proper amplitude.4. The gain of composite eye movements was about unity for sinusoidal target motions and ramps; it exceeded unity for the highest frequency components in a pseudo-random motion.5. The gain of the smooth eye movements decreased monotonously whenever target velocity increased. It was higher for single sine waves than for a pseudo-random motion, however, with pseudo-random motion it was relatively higher for the higher frequency components.6. Phase lags were in general smaller for single sine waves than for pseudo-random motion, but for the latter a phase lead of the smooth component was consistently found for the lower frequency components.7. During pursuit of a rhomboid trajectory, the eye movements showed directional errors which are interpreted as anticipatory behaviour.8. The distribution of the retinal error was symmetrical around zero. Its standard deviation varied between about 0-2 and 1.30; it was about proportional to target velocity and inversely proportional to smooth pursuit gain. It was limited by the insertion of saccades which were in general corrective.9. The influence of a diffusely illuminated background was minimal. A structured background inhibited smooth pursuit in the horizontal direction by about 10 % and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human smooth and saccadic eye movements during voluntary pursuit of different target motions on different backgrounds.

Collewijn¹,

Tamminga²

1984

The Journal of Physiology

468

136

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This visual signal is transformed into a motor command through various cortical and subcortical neural pathways (see reviews by Keller and Heinen 1991;Krauzlis 2004Krauzlis , 2005Lisberger et al 1987;Thier and Ilg 2005). Thus the initial response to the target motion is principally governed by the visual properties such as eccentricity, velocity, and acceleration (e.g., Carl and Gellman 1987;Krauzlis and Lisberger 1994;Lisberger and Westbrook 1985;Lisberger et al 1981;Morris and Lisberger 1987;Tychsen and Lisberger 1986). Since the amplitude of the perturbation response is correlated with the magnitude of the initial pursuit response (Tabata et al , 2006, our results suggest that the initial pursuit response is not only generated by a transformation of the visual signal into motor command, but also influenced by an internal cognitive process that dynamically modulates the gain based on recent experiences.…”

Section: Possible Functional Role Of Preparatory Gain Modulation In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trial-by-Trial Updating of the Gain in Preparation for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Based on Past Experience in Humans

Tabata

Miura²,

Kawano³

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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To understand how the CNS uses past experiences to generate movements that accommodate minute-by-minute environmental changes, we studied the trial-by-trial updating of the gain for initiating smooth pursuit eye movements and how this relates to the history of previous trials. Ocular responses in humans elicited by a small perturbing motion presented 300 ms after appearance of a target were used as a measure of the gain of visuomotor transmission. After the perturbation, the target was either moved horizontally (pursuit trial) or remained in a stationary position (fixation trial). The trial sequence randomly included pursuit and fixation. The amplitude of the response to the perturbation was modulated in a trial-by-trial manner based on the immediately preceding trial, with preceding fixation and pursuit trials decreasing and increasing the gain, respectively. The effect of the previous trial was larger with shorter intertrial intervals, but did not diminish for at least 2,000 ms. A time-series analysis showed that the response amplitude was significantly correlated with the past few trials, with dynamics that could be approximated by a first-order linear system. The results suggest that the CNS integrates recent experiences to set the gain in preparation for upcoming tracking movements in a changing environment.

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“…There is abundant knowledge about the pursuit initiation, which is associated with the visual properties of target motion (e.g., Carl and Gellman 1987;Krauzlis and Lisberger 1994b;Lisberger and Westbrook 1985;Lisberger et al 1981;Morris and Lisberger 1987;Priebe et al 2001;Tychsen and Lisberger 1986). However, to fully understand the neural processing of the smooth pursuit generation, it seems inevitable to clarify how the preparatory gain is modulated in relation to the recently experienced eye movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparatory Gain Modulation of Visuomotor Transmission for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Monkeys

Tabata¹,

Miura²,

Taki³

et al. 2006

Journal of Neurophysiology

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It has been reported that the visuomotor processing underlying the initiation of smooth pursuit eye movement is modulated in relation to the recent experience of eye movements: the initial pursuit eye velocity is larger after experiencing repeated pursuits than saccades. To assess which parameters of the previously executed pursuits play an essential role in modulating the gain of visuomotor transmission, we recorded the ocular responses of monkeys to a brief perturbing motion of the tracking target injected before the start of the eye movements. First, we compared the perturbation responses among the blocks in which the duration of executing pursuit was varied. We found that the response amplitude increased with the increase of the pursuit duration and it reached a plateau level at 100–200 ms of the duration. Second, a comparison of the perturbation responses in the blocks in which target velocity was different showed a gradual increase of the response as a function of the required pursuit velocity. Third, when the animals repeatedly performed pursuits, the response amplitude gradually increased with increasing interval between the appearance of the target and the onset of perturbation. On the other hand, such an increase was not observed when the animals repeatedly performed saccades. These results suggest that before initiating eye movements, the pursuit system modulates the gain of visuomotor transmission so as to be closely related to the properties of the repeatedly experienced eye movements and this gain modulation is triggered by the target’s appearance.

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Relationship between eye acceleration and retinal image velocity during foveal smooth pursuit in man and monkey.

Cited by 328 publications

References 0 publications

Human smooth and saccadic eye movements during voluntary pursuit of different target motions on different backgrounds.

Human smooth and saccadic eye movements during voluntary pursuit of different target motions on different backgrounds.

Trial-by-Trial Updating of the Gain in Preparation for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Based on Past Experience in Humans

Preparatory Gain Modulation of Visuomotor Transmission for Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements in Monkeys

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