Relationship between fetal weight, placental growth and litter size in mice from mid- to late-gestation

Ishikawa, Hitoshi; Seki, Ryota; Yokonishi, S; Yamauchi, Toru; Yokoyama, Kazuhito

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.08.002

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As for the placental and embryonic weight on day 13 of gestation, the weight of male embryos on day 13 of gestation was greater than that of females in control and DES-treated groups. These results are compatible with those in CD-1 mice reported by Ishikawa et al (2006). Although there were no significant differences in the placental and fetal weights of the DES-exposed groups compared with those in the controls, the trends in fetal and placental weights were opposite.…”

Section: Embryonic Mortality and Placental Growthsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Developmental effects of oral exposure to diethylstilbestrol on mouse placenta

Nagao

Kagawa

Saito

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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Placental growth and function are of biological significance in that placental tissue promotes prenatal life and the maintenance of pregnancy. Exposure to synthetic estrogens causes embryonic mortality and placental growth restriction in mice. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on placenta in mice. DES at 1, 5, 10 or 15 µg kg(-1) day(-1) , or 17β-estradiol (E2 ) at 50 µg kg(-1) day(-1) , was administered orally to ICR mice on days 4 through to 8 of gestation. Expression of ERα, ERβ, ERRβ or ERRγ mRNA in the junctional or labyrinth zone of the placentas on day 13 was assessed using RT-PCR, as well as the embrynic mortality, embryonic and placental weight, histological changes of labyrinth and ultrastructural changes of the trophoblast giant cells (TGCs). Embryo mortalities in the DES 10 and 15 µg kg(-1) day(-1) groups were markedly increased. No significant changes in embryonic and placental weight were observed in any DES- or E2 -exposed groups. Expression of ERα mRNA in the junctional zone with male embryos in the 5 µg kg(-1) day(-1) group was significantly higher than that in the control, whereas expression was not determined in the 15 µg kg(-1) day(-1) group. Histological observation revealed that the placentas exposed to DES at 10 µg kg(-1) day(-1) lacked the developing labyrinth. Ultrastructural observation of the TGCs showed poor rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the DES 10 µg kg(-1) day(-1) group. The present data suggest that developmental changes induced by DES may be related to interference with the nutrition and oxygen exchange between mother and embryo or decreased protein synthesis, resulting in a high frequency of embryo mortality.

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Section: Embryonic Mortality and Placental Growthsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These results are compatible with those in CD‐1 mice reported by Ishikawa et al . (). Although there were no significant differences in the placental and fetal weights of the DES‐exposed groups compared with those in the controls, the trends in fetal and placental weights were opposite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental effects of oral exposure to diethylstilbestrol on mouse placenta

Nagao

Kagawa

Saito

et al. 2012

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…C57BL/6J mice from larger litters may be less sociable due to prenatal effects. It is not clear whether pups in large litters compete for nutritional resources in utero [112,113], but they do have relatively low birth weights [114,115] and they behaviorally and physiologically resemble undernourished mice in some ways [116]. In humans, both multiple concurrent births [64,68] and low birth weight [65,67,117,118] have been identified as risk factors for ASD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociability and brain development in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice

Fairless

Dow

Kreibich

et al. 2012

Behavioural Brain Research

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Sociability—the tendency to seek social interaction–propels the development of social cognition and social skills, but is disrupted in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J inbred mouse strains are useful models of low and high levels of juvenile sociability, respectively, but the neurobiological and developmental factors that account for the strains’ contrasting sociability levels are largely unknown. We hypothesized that BALB/cJ mice would show increasing sociability with age but that C57BL/6J mice would show high sociability throughout development. We also hypothesized that littermates would resemble one another in sociability more than non-littermates. Finally, we hypothesized that low sociability would be associated with low corpus callosum size and increased brain size in BALB/cJ mice. Separate cohorts of C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice were tested for sociability at 19-, 23-, 31-, 42-, or 70-days-of-age, and brain weights and mid-sagittal corpus callosum area were measured. BALB/cJ sociability increased with age, and a strain by age interaction in sociability between 31 and 42 days of age suggested strong effects of puberty on sociability development. Sociability scores clustered according to litter membership in both strains, and perinatal litter size and sex ratio were identified as factors that contributed to this clustering in C57BL/6J, but not BALB/cJ, litters. There was no association between corpus callosum size and sociability, but smaller brains were associated with lower sociability in BALB/cJ mice. The associations reported here will provide directions for future mechanistic studies of sociability development.

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“…In research conducted on guinea pigs, the general effect (litter size) was predominant in small litters, but the local effect (horn size) predominated in larger litters (Peaker and Taylor, 1996). In mice, some research suggests that the local effect of horn size is the predominating factor (McLaren and Michie, 1960; McLaren, 1965), while more recent research suggests that the general effect of litter size is the predominating factor (Ishikawa et al, 2006). Recent research on the rat has found that the general effect was the predominant factor on fetal weight in rats (Chahoud and Paumgartten, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fetal body weight, in both rats and mice, is also affected, at least indirectly, by the number of fetuses occupying the individual horn, and to a somewhat lesser extent, by the overall litter size. Specifically, as the number of fetuses in both the horn and litter increases, the average fetal body weight decreases (Barr et al, 1970; Chahoud and Paumgartten, 2005, 2009; Ishikawa et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polytocus focus: Uterine position effect is dependent upon horn size

McLaurin

Mactutus

2014

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Understanding the variability caused by uterine position effects in polytocus species, such as rats, may enhance prenatal animal models for the study of drug and environmental agents. The primiparous litters of 42 intact female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Uterine position, fetal body weight, and fetal brain (wet) weight were recorded on gestation day (GD) 20 (GD 0 = sperm positive). Uterine position effect for brain and body weight varied depending upon horn size. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between horn size (and, to a lesser extent, litter size) and fetal weight applied to both body and brain weight measures. There were no statistical differences in brain and body weights between the left and right uterine horns. The position of the uterine horn (left vs. right) and litter size did not influence the uterine position effect in the rat. Collectively, the present data suggest the presence of a significant uterine position effect. Prenatal differences based on uterine position provide an untapped opportunity to increase our understanding of developmental neurotoxicological and teratological studies that employ a polytocus species as an animal model.

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Relationship between fetal weight, placental growth and litter size in mice from mid- to late-gestation

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Developmental effects of oral exposure to diethylstilbestrol on mouse placenta

Developmental effects of oral exposure to diethylstilbestrol on mouse placenta

Sociability and brain development in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice

Polytocus focus: Uterine position effect is dependent upon horn size

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