Relationship between foot posture index and weight bearing computed tomography 3D biometrics to define foot alignment

Patel, Shelain; Bernasconi, Alessio; Thornton, James F.; Buraimoh, Olatunbosun; Cullen, Nicholas; Welck, Matthew; Singh, Dishan

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.05.038

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…When correlating the clinical FPI assessment with the measurements of the CBCT, we found ‘high’ correlation. This is in agreement with the results of Patel et al [ 35 ] who also used WBCT and FAO. They concluded that FPI is an accurate clinical measurement tool and that clinical FPI measurements correlate well with measurements from WBCT scans.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Reliability and correlation of weight-bearing cone beam CT and Foot Posture Index (FPI) for measurements of foot posture: a test-retest study

et al. 2023

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Objective To assess test-retest reliability and correlation of weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) cone beam CT (CBCT) foot measurements and Foot Posture Index (FPI) Materials and methods Twenty healthy participants (age 43.11±11.36, 15 males, 5 females) were CBCT-scanned in February 2019 on two separate days on one foot in both WB and NWB positions. Three radiology observers measured the navicular bone position. Plantar (ΔNAVplantar) and medial navicular displacements (ΔNAVmedial) were calculated as a measure of foot posture changes under loading. FPI was assessed by two rheumatologists on the same two days. FPI is a clinical measurement of foot posture with 3 rearfoot and 3 midfoot/forefoot scores. Test-retest reproducibility was determined for all measurements. CBCT was correlated to FPI total and subscores. Results Intra- and interobserver reliabilities for navicular position and FPI were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) .875–.997). In particular, intraobserver (ICC .0.967–1.000) and interobserver reliabilities (ICC .946–.997) were found for CBCT navicular height and medial position. Interobserver reliability of ΔNAVplantar was excellent (ICC .926 (.812; .971); MDC 2.22), whereas the ΔNAVmedial was fair-good (ICC .452 (.385; .783); MDC 2.42 mm). Using all observers’ measurements, we could calculate mean ΔNAVplantar (4.25±2.08 mm) and ΔNAVmedial (1.55±0.83 mm). We demonstrated a small day-day difference in ΔNAVplantar (0.64 ±1.13mm; p<.05), but not for ΔNAVmedial (0.04 ±1.13mm; p=n.s.). Correlation of WBCT (WB navicular height - ΔNAVmedial) with total clinical FPI scores and FPI subscores, respectively, showed high correlation (ρ: −.706; ρ: −.721). Conclusion CBCT and FPI are reliable measurements of foot posture, with a high correlation between the two measurements.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Reliability and correlation of weight-bearing cone beam CT and Foot Posture Index (FPI) for measurements of foot posture: a test-retest study

et al. 2023

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“…The most difficult items to be properly assessed were those related to the differences between the neutral and pronated foot types (McLaughlin et al, 2016). Following a brief learning period, FPI-6 proved to be a satisfactory tool in all the studies considered: intra-rater reliability results were very good among studies, with intra-rater ICC > 0.90 (Evans et al, 2012;Terada et al, 2014;Kirmizi et al, 2020;Patel et al, 2020) or Cohen's k > 0.85 (Zuil-Escobar et al, 2019) or Pearson's r ≥ 0.89 (Oleksy et al, 2010). The inter-rater ICC varied among the studies, ranging from fair to very good when untrained or trained raters were respectively included (see Table 2) (Menz, 2006;Cornwall et al, 2008;Evans et al, 2012;Griffiths and McEwan, 2012;Terada et al, 2014;Evans and Karimi, 2015;Tucker et al, 2015;McLaughlin et al, 2016;Aquino et al, 2018;Kenny et al, 2018;Hegazy et al, 2020;Kirmizi et al, 2020;Patel et al, 2020).…”

Section: Critical Appraisal Of the Scales Used For Cmt Foot Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Following a brief learning period, FPI-6 proved to be a satisfactory tool in all the studies considered: intra-rater reliability results were very good among studies, with intra-rater ICC > 0.90 (Evans et al, 2012;Terada et al, 2014;Kirmizi et al, 2020;Patel et al, 2020) or Cohen's k > 0.85 (Zuil-Escobar et al, 2019) or Pearson's r ≥ 0.89 (Oleksy et al, 2010). The inter-rater ICC varied among the studies, ranging from fair to very good when untrained or trained raters were respectively included (see Table 2) (Menz, 2006;Cornwall et al, 2008;Evans et al, 2012;Griffiths and McEwan, 2012;Terada et al, 2014;Evans and Karimi, 2015;Tucker et al, 2015;McLaughlin et al, 2016;Aquino et al, 2018;Kenny et al, 2018;Hegazy et al, 2020;Kirmizi et al, 2020;Patel et al, 2020). To support operator training, Kirmizi and colleagues suggested implementing the FPI-6 operative manual by including drawings that fully described each possible foot deviation and its associated score (Kirmizi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Critical Appraisal Of the Scales Used For Cmt Foot Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot Assessment Clinical Scales in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients: A Scoping Review

Rambelli

Mazzoli²,

Galletti³

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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IntroductionCharcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a slow and progressive peripheral motor sensory neuropathy frequently associated with the cavo-varus foot deformity. We conducted a scoping review on the clinical scales used to assess foot deviations in CMT patients and analyzed their metric properties.Evidence AcquisitionA first search was conducted to retrieve all scales used to assess foot characteristics in CMT patients from the Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and PEDro databases. A second search was conducted to include all studies that evaluated the metric properties of such identified scales from the same databases. We followed the methodologic guidelines specific for scoping reviews and used the PICO framework to set the eligibility criteria. Two independent investigators screened all papers.Evidence SynthesisThe first search found 724 papers. Of these, 41 were included, using six different scales: “Foot Posture Index” (FPI), “Foot Function Index”, “Maryland Foot Score”, “American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society's Hindfoot Evaluation Scale”, “Foot Health Status Questionnaire”, Wicart-Seringe grade. The second search produced 259 papers. Of these, 49 regarding the metric properties of these scales were included. We presented and analyzed the properties of all identified scales in terms of developmental history, clinical characteristics (domains, items, scores), metric characteristics (uni-dimensionality, inter- and intra-rater reliability, concurrent validity, responsiveness), and operational characteristics (normative values, manual availability, learning time and assessors' characteristics).ConclusionsOur results suggested the adoption of the six-item version of the FPI scale (FPI-6) for foot assessment in the CMT population, with scoring provided by Rasch Analysis. This scale has demonstrated high applicability in different cohorts after a short training period for clinicians, along with good psychometric properties. FPI-6 can help health professionals to assess foot deformity in CMT patients over the years.

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“…In previous studies, a number of methodologies have been employed to assess foot posture and function, including radiography techniques ( Patel et al, 2020 ), motion analyzers ( Menz et al, 2013 ), and MatScan systems ( Taş and Çetin, 2019 ). Despite their proven reliability, these methods also possess several drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability of the foot posture index (FPI-6) for assessing static foot posture in elderly female patients with knee osteoarthritis and its association with quadriceps muscle tone and stiffness

Shen,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Objective1. To assess the Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability of FPI-6 total score and individual scores in static foot posture evaluation among elderly female patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), aiming to establish the reliability of the FPI-6 scale. 2. To investigate the disparity between dominant and non-dominant quadriceps characteristics in elderly female KOA patients, as well as explore the correlation between quadriceps characteristics and abnormal foot posture, thereby offering novel insights for the prevention and treatment of KOA.MethodsThe study enrolled a total of 80 lower legs of 40 participants (all female) with unilateral or bilateral KOA, who were assessed by two raters at three different time points. The inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the FPI-6 was evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), while the absolute reliability of FPI-6 was examined using the standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable change (MDC), and Bland-Altman analysis. The internal consistency of FPI-6 was assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Additionally, MyotonPRO was employed to assess quadriceps muscle tone and stiffness in all participants, and the association between quadriceps muscle tone/stiffness and the total score of FPI-6 was analyzed.ResultOur study found excellent inter-rater and test-retest reliability (ICC values of 0.923 and 0.931, respectively) for the FPI-6 total score, as well as good to excellent reliability (ICC values ranging from 0.680 to 0.863 and 0.739–0.883) for individual items. The SEM and MDC values for the total score of FPI-6 among our study inter-rater were 0.78 and 2.15, respectively. and the SEM and MDC values for the test-retest total score of FPI-6 were found to be 0.76 and 2.11, respectively. Furthermore, the SEM and MDC values between inter-rater and test-retest across six individual items ranged from 0.30 to 0.56 and from 0.84 to 1.56. The Bland-Altman plots and respective 95% LOA showed no evidence of systematic bias. In terms of the mechanical properties of the quadriceps on both sides, the muscle tone and stiffness of rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), and vastus lateralis (VL) were significantly higher in the non-dominant leg compared to the dominant leg. Additionally, in the non-dominant leg, there was a significant positive correlation between the muscle tone and stiffness of VM, VL, RF and the total score of FPI-6. However, in the dominant leg, only VM’s muscle tone and stiffness showed a significant positive correlation with the total score of FPI-6.ConclusionThe reliability of the FPI-6 total score and its six individual items was good to excellent. Our findings offer a straightforward and dependable approach for researchers to assess foot posture in elderly female patients with KOA. Furthermore, we observed significantly greater quadriceps tension and stiffness in the non-dominant leg compared to the dominant leg. The FPI-6 total score exhibited a significant correlation with changes in quadriceps muscle performance among KOA patients. These observations regarding the relationship between changes in quadriceps muscle performance and foot posture in elderly female KOA patients may provide novel insights for disease prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

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Relationship between foot posture index and weight bearing computed tomography 3D biometrics to define foot alignment

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Reliability and correlation of weight-bearing cone beam CT and Foot Posture Index (FPI) for measurements of foot posture: a test-retest study

Reliability and correlation of weight-bearing cone beam CT and Foot Posture Index (FPI) for measurements of foot posture: a test-retest study

Foot Assessment Clinical Scales in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients: A Scoping Review

Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability of the foot posture index (FPI-6) for assessing static foot posture in elderly female patients with knee osteoarthritis and its association with quadriceps muscle tone and stiffness

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