Relationship Between Ginsenoside Rg3 and Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is an important public health issue and is associated with a more affluent lifestyle. Many studies of metabolic syndrome have been reported, but its pathogenesis remains unclear and there is no effective treatment. The ability of natural compounds to ameliorate metabolic syndrome is currently under investigation. Unlike synthetic chemicals, such natural products have proven utility in various fields. Recently, ginsenoside extracted from ginseng and ginseng root are representative examples. For example, ginseng is used in dietary supplements and cosmetics. In addition, various studies have reported the effects of ginsenoside on metabolic syndromes such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. In this review, we describe the potential of ginsenoside Rg3, a component of ginseng, in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Positive influence of gut microbiota on the effects of Korean red ginseng in metabolic syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

“…Accordingly, ginseng has therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases that are associated with oxidative stress such as types 1 and 2 diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease [17]. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that the anti-obesity effects of KRG and ginsenosides are exerted via the regulation of lipid synthesis and adipocyte differentiation, which are driven by several mechanisms: downregulated expression of lipogenesis and adipogenesis factors (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1C), stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), and perilipin) in adipose tissue; upregulated expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and PPARγ; increased phosphorylation of AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK) in the skeletal muscle [39,75]. On the other hand, the effects of KRG and ginsenosides against diabetes and insulin resistance were found to be associated with the following: increased phosphorylation of Akt and AMPK; decreased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5); and increased expressions of insulin receptor (IR), glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), PPARγ, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) [39,75].…”

Pharmaceutical Efficacy of Gypenoside LXXV on Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)

“…As an active ingredient derived from natural products, ginseng ginsenoside has excellent therapeutic effectiveness with high bioavailability and little biotoxicity, and has been widely employed to treat various metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, liver diseases, heart diseases, cancer, etc [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. A mixture of ginsenoside Rg3, Rg1, Rb1, and probiotics has been used as a putative treatment for NAFLD symptoms to diminish liver inflammation by decreasing the expression of IL-1β and phospho-p38 [ 23 ].…”

The Effects of New Zealand Grown Ginseng Fractions on Cytokine Production from Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells

“…The majority of the components were less-polar ginsenosides; its contents reached 424.85 ± 2.60 mg/g. Ginsenoside Rg3 (20S/R Rg3), which is regarded as the unique active compound in ginseng products [ 21 , 22 ], was enriched and accounted for 27.6% in the LPG extract.…”