Relationship between gut microbiota and host-metabolism: Emphasis on hormones related to reproductive function

Hussain, Tarique; Murtaza, Ghulam; Kalhoro, Dildar Hussain; Kalhoro, Muhammad Saleem; Metwally, Elsayed; Chughtai, M. I. D.; Mazhar, Muhammad Usman; Khan, Shahzad

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2020.11.005

Cited by 57 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…However, there are limited studies showing this link and more studies are required to further understand this. 54 31 NA ↓ Alpha diversity in women ↔ Beta diversity between groups (observed in a cohort of healthy women and women with PCOM and PCOS)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity—A Systematic Review

d’Afflitto

Upadhyaya

Green

et al. 2022

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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Goals/Background: Animal studies have highlighted how the microbiota acts in a sex-specific manner with sex hormones demonstrating an association with the composition and diversity of the microbiota. This systematic review aimed to gather the available scientific evidence to explore the association between sex hormones and gut microbiota composition and diversity, in humans. Study: Four bibliographic databases were searched in July 2020 using terms related to “microbiota,” “microflora,” “sex hormones,” “testosterone,” and “estrogen.” Human studies that investigated the correlation between sex hormones and the microbiota composition or diversity using next-generation sequencing were included. Results: A total of 10,468 records were screened with 13 studies included in this review. In healthy women, higher estrogen levels were found to be associated with a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, a lower abundance of Firmicutes, the Ruminococcaceae family and increased diversity. In healthy men, raised testosterone levels positively correlated with Ruminococcus, Acinetobacter, and an increased microbial diversity. Escherichia and Shigella spp. were correlated with raised testosterone in healthy women whereas Ruminococcus spp. was negatively associated with elevated testosterone levels. Women with altered testosterone/estrogen profiles (such as in polycystic ovary syndrome), had a differing gut microbiota compared with healthy women. Conclusions: The findings gathered highlight an association between sex hormones and the gut microbiota composition/diversity and may contribute to the sex-based variations observed in disease pathogenesis. Factors such as age and medical conditions are implicated in the associations observed and should be accounted for in future studies. As the understanding of the complex symbiotic relationship between humans and their gut microbiota increases, microbiota modulation could be an attractive option for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity—A Systematic Review

d’Afflitto

Upadhyaya

Green

et al. 2022

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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“…Moreover, ghrelin, obestatin, insulin, and other gut-derived hormones have direct or indirect effects on the reproductive axis and play roles in regulating energy balance and reproductive function [27]. Previous studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating the reproduction of the host [28,29]. However, there are no related studies that reported the association between the gut microbiota and seasonal breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Changes in the Distinct Taxonomy and Function of the Gut Microbiota in the Wild Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus)

Yang

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Animals

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Seasonal breeding is a normal phenomenon in which animals adapt to natural selection and reproduce only in specific seasons. Large studies have reported that the gut microbiota is closely related to reproduction. The purpose of this study was to explore the distinct taxonomy and function of the gut microbiota in the breeding and non-breeding seasons of the wild ground squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was utilized to sequence the gut microbiota of the wild ground squirrel. PICRUSt analysis was also applied to predict the function of the gut microbiota. The results suggested that the main components of the gut microbiota in all samples were Firmicutes (61.8%), Bacteroidetes (32.4%), and Proteobacteria (3.7%). Microbial community composition analyses revealed significant differences between the breeding and non-breeding seasons. At the genus level, Alistipes, Mycoplasma, Anaerotruncus, and Odoribacter were more abundant in the non-breeding season, while Blautia and Streptococcus were more abundant in the breeding season. The results of a functional prediction suggested that the relative abundance of functional categories that were related to lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism increased in the breeding season. The relative abundance of energy metabolism, transcription, and signal transduction increased in the non-breeding season. Overall, this study found differences in the taxonomy and function of the gut microbiota of the wild ground squirrel between the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and laid the foundation for further studies on the relationship between the gut microbiota and seasonal breeding.

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“…Lastly, some metabolites of tryptophan and indoles turnover decreased after testosterone depletion and were not restored by testosterone. Some of these indoles represent microbial metabolites from tryptophan gut metabolism 49 and the alteration may be the result of the altered steroid profile, several studies indicate that steroids influence the gut microbiome 50,51 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic changes induced by pharmacological castration of young, healthy men: a study of the plasma metabolome

Guedes

Plá

Sahlin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Testosterone is a hormone that plays a key role in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Testosterone deficiency is associated with multiple comorbidities, e.g., metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Despite its importance in many metabolic pathways, the mechanisms by which it controls metabolism are not fully understood. The present study investigated the short-term metabolic changes of pharmacologically induced castration and testosterone supplementation in healthy young males. Thirty subjects were submitted to testosterone depletion (TD) followed by testosterone supplementation (TS). Plasma samples were collected three times corresponding to basal, low, and restored testosterone levels. An untargeted metabolomics study was performed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to monitor the metabolic changes induced by the altered hormone levels. Our results demonstrated that TD is associated with major metabolic changes partially restored by TS. Carnitine and amino acid metabolism were the metabolic pathways most impacted by variations in testosterone. Furthermore, our results also indicate that LH and FSH might strongly alter the plasma levels of indoles and lipids, especially glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Our results demonstrate major metabolic changes induced by low testosterone that may be important for understanding the mechanisms behind the association of testosterone deficiency and its comorbidities.

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Relationship between gut microbiota and host-metabolism: Emphasis on hormones related to reproductive function

Cited by 57 publications

References 129 publications

Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity—A Systematic Review

Association Between Sex Hormone Levels and Gut Microbiota Composition and Diversity—A Systematic Review

Seasonal Changes in the Distinct Taxonomy and Function of the Gut Microbiota in the Wild Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus dauricus)

Metabolic changes induced by pharmacological castration of young, healthy men: a study of the plasma metabolome

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