Relationship Between ABCB1 Polymorphisms and Cold Pain Sensitivity Among Healthy Opioid‐naive Malay Males

Abstract

The CGC/CGC diplotype of ABCB1 polymorphisms was associated with variability in cold pain threshold and pain tolerance in healthy males.

Psychological and Genetic Predictors of Pain Tolerance

“…Our observations are also based on pain tolerance only as assessed by the cold‐pressor test. Additional SNPs have been associated with pain tolerance and might be included in more comprehensive investigations of genomic influences on pain tolerance . Specifically, endogenous opioid receptors likely play a key role in pain sensitivity and inclusion of variation in the opioid receptor mu 1 gene ( OPRM1 ) and the opioid receptor kappa 1 gene ( OPRK1 ) would be informative in future studies .…”

“…[22][23][24] The effect of genetic variants on pain is confounded by these other important factors, which are often not measured in genetic and pharmacogenetic studies. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The independent effect of genetic variation on the physiological response to pain and their contribution to perception of pain is understudied. Validated scales that measure psychological factors influencing pain perception are available and include the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III (FPQ-III).…”

“…✓The results of this article suggest that experimental and translational pain models evaluating genetic influences on pain should include demographic and detailed psychological measures. Variants of certain genes encoding target structures within the nociceptive pathway may result in an attenuation or augmentation of specific types of pain. Genetic variation encoding receptors related to temperature sensation have been previously shown to contribute to cold pain sensitivity …”

“…Differences in patient perceptions of pain have been observed according to demographic factors, including patient race and gender . The effect of genetic variants on pain is confounded by these other important factors, which are often not measured in genetic and pharmacogenetic studies . The independent effect of genetic variation on the physiological response to pain and their contribution to perception of pain is understudied.…”

“…Genetic variation encoding receptors related to temperature sensation have been previously shown to contribute to cold pain sensitivity. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Genes containing associated variants include the transient receptor potential A subtype 1 gene (TRPA1), the catecholo-methyltransferase gene (COMT), and the fatty acid amide hydrolase gene (FAAH). 4,6,[12][13][14][15] TRPA1 is an ion channel that belongs to a family of transient receptor potential channels, which respond to various sensory stimuli such as pain, and the variant rs11988795 G>A in TRPA1 is known to enhance cold pain perception.…”