Relationship Between Insulin Resistance–Associated Metabolic Parameters and Anthropometric Measurements With Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Physical Activity Levels in US Adolescents

Bremer, Andrew A.; Auinger, Peggy; Byrd, Robert S.

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.21

Cited by 120 publications

(150 citation statements)

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“…A minimum of 20 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily, with a goal of 60 min daily is recommended in the context of a caloriecontrolled diet (47). Physical activity is helpful in improving lipid profile by increasing HDL concentration and decreasing both LDL and triglycerides concentrations (56). It is shown to improve insulin resistance and is correlated with lower fasting insulin levels (57).…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents

2017

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents is increasing, in parallel with the increasing trends in obesity rates. Varying definitions of this syndrome have hindered the development of a consensus for the diagnostic criteria in the pediatric population. While pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome is not completely understood, insulin resistance and subsequent inflammation are thought to be among its main mechanistic underpinnings. Overweight and obesity are cardinal features, along with abnormal glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Other disorders associated with metabolic syndrome include fatty liver, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and pro-inflammatory states. Prevention and management of this condition can be accomplished with lifestyle modifications, behavioral interventions, pharmacological and surgical interventions as needed.

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Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents

2017

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“…Moreover, increased SSB intake in US adolescents 2 and young adults 3 was shown to be independently associated with insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters, including increased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, 2 waist circumference, 2,3 body mass index, 2 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, 3 and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. 2 These cross-sectional studies also reported positive association between intake of SSB and elevated blood pressure (BP) 2 or prevalence of hypertension. 3 Furthermore, 2 large prospective studies reported the positive association between SSB consumption and the incidence of hypertension.…”

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confidence: 97%

Sugar and Salt in the Pathogenesis of Elevated Blood Pressure

Stolarz‐Skrzypek

2011

Hypertension

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See related article, pp 695-701I n the last few years a significant number of studies have been published linking consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with obesity, hypertension, and other metabolic disturbances. The term "SSBs" includes sodas (carbonated beverages, eg, colas), along with fruit drinks, lemonade, and iced tea. Findings from large cross-sectional studies, in conjunction with those from well-powered prospective cohort studies with long periods of follow-up, show a positive association between greater intakes of SSBs and obesity in both children and adults. 1 Findings from few short-term feeding trials in adults also support an induction of positive energy balance and weight gain by intake of sugarsweetened sodas. 1 Consumption of SSBs, particularly carbonated soft drinks, may be a key contributor to the epidemic of overweight and obesity, by virtue of the high added sugar content, the reduced satiety response, and the promotion of a positive energy balance by liquid calories relative to isoenergetic solid calories. Moreover, increased SSB intake in US adolescents 2 and young adults 3 was shown to be independently associated with insulin resistance-associated metabolic parameters, including increased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, 2 waist circumference, 2,3 body mass index, 2 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, 3 and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. 2 These cross-sectional studies also reported positive association between intake of SSB and elevated blood pressure (BP) 2 or prevalence of hypertension. 3 Furthermore, 2 large prospective studies reported the positive association between SSB consumption and the incidence of hypertension. The investigators of the Nurses' Health Study observed a strong positive association between cola beverage intake, assessed by food frequency questionnaire (usual intake 1 year before the examination) and incident physician-diagnosed hypertension in a large cohort of 155 594 US women followed up over 12 years (P for trend Ͻ0.001). 4 Data from the Framingham Offspring Study demonstrated that consumption of soft drinks (regular and diet soda combined, amount assessed based on the self-administered food frequency questionnaire) were associated with an increased, although not statistically significant, risk of incident high BP (BP Ն135/ 85 mm Hg or treatment for hypertension), with odds ratio of 1.18 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.44) for those consuming Ն1 serving of soft drink per day. 5 Moreover, the analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999 -2004) data among adolescents (12 to 18 years of age) found a positive association between SSB consumption and BP analyzed as a continuous variable. 6 The recent prospective analysis of 810 adults with prehypertension and stage I hypertension, who participated in the PREMIER Study (an 18-month behavioral intervention trial), showed a positive association between change in SSB consumption (measured by 2 unannounced 24-hour recalls) and...

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“…High energy intake coming from increased consumption of simple carbohydrates and dietary fat, especially saturated and trans fatty acids, in conjunction with low consumption of foods rich in dietary fibre, seems to play a role in the early appearance and development of IR in childhood -even in normal-weight children (15) . The limited data available on food consumption and IR indicate that increased consumption of wholegrain cereals, dairy products (especially low-fat ones), some fish, fruits and all types of vegetables is inversely associated with IR (16)(17)(18)(19) , while consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and energy-dense foods such as fast foods seems to be positively associated with IR (20,21) . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of selected food groups and IR, with an emphasis on SSB, in European adolescents.…”

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Daily sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and insulin resistance in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Kondaki

Grammatikaki

Jiménez-Pavón

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of selected food groups and insulin resistance, with an emphasis on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). Design: The present research is a large multicentre European study in adolescents, the HELENA-CSS (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence CrossSectional Study). Setting: Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Several anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics were recorded. Dietary assessment was conducted by using a short FFQ. Subjects: The participants were a subset of the original sample (n 546) with complete data on glucose, insulin and FFQ. All participants were recruited at schools. Results: Median (25th, 75th percentile) HOMA-IR was 0?62 (0?44, 0?87). Mean HOMA-IR was significantly higher among adolescents consuming brown bread #1 time/week than among those consuming 2-6 times/week (P 5 0?011). Mean values of HOMA-IR were also higher in adolescents consuming SSB .5 times/ week compared with those consuming less frequently, although a statistically significant difference was detected between those consuming SSB 5-6 times/ week and 2-4 times/week (P 5 0?049). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only the frequency of SSB consumption was significantly associated with HOMA-IR after controlling for potential confounders. In particular, it was found that HOMA-IR levels were higher among adolescents consuming SSB 5-6 times/week and $1 time/d compared with those consuming #1 time/week by 0?281 and 0?191 units, respectively (P 5 0?009 and 0?046, respectively). Conclusions: The present study revealed that daily consumption of SSB was related with increased HOMA-IR in adolescents. Keywords Sugar-sweetened beveragesHigh frequence Consumption Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistanceThe prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) in children and adolescents is increasing around the world (1)(2)(3)(4)(5) . Although there is no universally accepted definition of IR, all studies evaluating the prevalence of IR indicate that more than one out of three obese children or adolescents display IR. For instance, in Greece, the prevalence of IR was found to be 9?2 % (2?9 % in normal-weight, 10?5 % in overweight and 31?0 % in obese children), using the threshold of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) .

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Relationship Between Insulin Resistance–Associated Metabolic Parameters and Anthropometric Measurements With Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Physical Activity Levels in US Adolescents

Cited by 120 publications

References 56 publications

Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents

Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents

Sugar and Salt in the Pathogenesis of Elevated Blood Pressure

Daily sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and insulin resistance in European adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

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