Relationship Between Kernel Moisture Content and Water Activity in Different Maturity Stages of Peanut

Dorner, Joe W.

doi:10.3146/ps07-101.1

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Por se tratar de planta com hábito de crescimento indeterminado, mesmo quando a colheita ocorre em momento ótimo, o amendoim apresenta vagens em diferentes estádios de maturação (CARLEY et al, 2008;DORNER, 2008) e também variabilidades em seu teor de água no momento do arranquio e do recolhimento.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Perdas quantitativas de amendoim nos períodos do dia em sistemas mecanizados de colheita

Cavichioli¹,

Zerbato²,

Bertonha³

et al. 2014

Científica

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ResumoA operação de arranquio mecanizado de amendoim é considerada crítica em função de fatores relacionados à cultura e fatores intrínsecos às máquinas utilizadas, que podem acarretar elevados níveis de perdas. As perdas acontecem no arranquio e no recolhimento do amendoim. Objetivou-se quantificar as perdas em dois períodos de realização da colheita (manhã e tarde), para conjuntos mecanizados. A colheita foi realizada na safra de 2009/2010, em área da fazenda Contendas, localizada no município de Taquaritinga-SP. Foram avaliadas as perdas visíveis, invisíveis e totais no arranquio, o teor de água das vagens no momento do arranquio e do recolhimento, bem como as perdas visíveis totais no recolhimento. Os conjuntos mecanizados utilizados no arranquio e os períodos de colheita não interferiram nas perdas, e o teor de água das vagens não apresentou diferença para o arranquio realizado pela manhã e à tarde. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos no recolhimento.Palavras-chave adicionais: arranquio de amendoim; mecanização agrícola; recolhimento de amendoim. AbstractThe mechanical uprooting operation by which peanuts are harvested is considered a critical one due to factors related to the crop as well as to factors related to the used equipments which may result in heavy pod losses. These losses occur both during the plant uprooting and that of the picking up of the plants. The objective of this study was to quantify peanut pod losses during harvesting operation being carried out by mechanical equipments during the morning and the afternoon periods. The experiment took place in the crop year of 2009/2010 in a farm located in the municipality of Taquaritinga, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Visible, invisible and total losses during the uprooting operation, pod water content at the plant uprooting and picking up operations and the total visible losses during plant picking up were evaluated. The equipments used for plant uprooting and the harvesting period did not interfere in the amount of losses. Water content was the same for pods harvested during the morning and the afternoon periods. Plant picking up procedures had no significant effects on pod losses, either.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Perdas quantitativas de amendoim nos períodos do dia em sistemas mecanizados de colheita

Cavichioli¹,

Zerbato²,

Bertonha³

et al. 2014

Científica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Por se tratar de planta com hábito de crescimento indeterminado, mesmo quando a colheita ocorre em momento ótimo, o amendoim apresenta vagens em diferentes estádios de maturação (CARLEY et al, 2008;DORNER, 2008). Quando ocorre a colheita prematura, o grande número de vagens imaturas pode acarretar prejuízos econômicos para os produtores e indústria.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Produtividade e perdas de amendoim em cinco diferentes datas de arranquio

Santos¹,

Silva²,

Bertonha³

et al. 2013

Rev. Ciênc. Agron.

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RESUMO -A colheita é momento crítico na produção do amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.), porém, nesta operação as perdas são inevitáveis, podendo chegar, em alguns casos, a valores de até 30% da produtividade. O amendoim é cultivado em um curto período de tempo durante a reforma dos canaviais, o que proporciona melhor uso dos espaços agrícolas na região de Jaboticabal, SP. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa definir a antecipação do arranquio do amendoim a partir da determinação da maturação. Realizou-se o arranquio do amendoim aos 120; 125; 130; 135 e 140 dias após a semeadura. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e quando houve significância das médias, aplicou-se o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, mediante uso do diagrama de caixas para as variáveis: maturação, teor de água das vagens e do solo, resistência mecânica do solo à penetração, perdas na colheita e produtividade. O diagrama de caixas mostrou-se eficiente para a avaliação univariada das variáveis analisadas do amendoim, criando excelentes condições de visualização do comportamento das mesmas. Recomenda-se iniciar o arranquio do amendoim aos 120 DAS. Palavras-chave:Amendoim. Plantas-maturação. Época de colheita. ABSTRACT -The harvest is a critical time in the production of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), however in this operation losses are inevitable, in some cases of up to 30% of production. Peanuts are grown for a short period during the reform of the sugarcane fields, providing better usage of the agricultural spaces in Jaboticabal, São Paulo. The objective of this research was to see how early the peanuts could be dug up once they are seen to have matured. The peanuts were dug up at 120, 125, 130, 135 and 140 days after sowing. Results were subjected to variance analysis by the F-test, and when there was significance of the averages, the Tukey test at 5% probability was applied, using a box plot for the following variables: maturation, moisture content of pods and soil, mechanical resistance of soil to penetration, harvest loss and productivity. The box plot proved efficient in the univariate evaluation of the analyzed variables, creating excellent conditions for viewing their behavior. Digging up the peanuts at 120 DAS is recommended.

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“…On the other hand, the lower irrigation levels did not have any significant effects on total yield per plot or pod size distribution. As previously suggested for peanut (Heuer et al, 1994;Dorner, 2008), the water situation not only influences the mother plants, but also directly affects the development of the seeds. The effect of irrigation level on pod-filling and other pod-related traits was most significant at the lowest irrigation level (60%), while there was no difference between 80% and 100% irrigation for many other traits (i.e., MC, DE, GPW, PW, SW, L*, a*, b*).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In response to reductions in moisture availability, peanut pod size decreases and its osmotic concentration increases (Boote, Varnell, & Duncan, 1976). Some other studies have also shown that the water activity of the pod wall (pericarp) controls the water balance of the kernels at later developmental stages, which are critical to pod-filling under short-term water-deficit conditions (Heuer et al, 1994;Dorner, 2008). Therefore, pod-filling in peanut is particularly sensitive to irrigation levels during the late-developmental and maturation stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Irrigation Level and Genotype on Pod-Filling Related Traits in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Gupta¹,

Buchshtab²,

Hovav

2014

JAS

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In peanut (Arachis hypogaea), pod-filling is an important biological stage that is strongly influenced by the availability of water. It also has genetic component; since genotypes vary considerably in their pod-filling potential. We studied the effects of irrigation level, genotype and the Irrigation Level × Genotype interaction on pod-filling and other pod-related traits of peanut. Four peanut genotypes, including three Virginia-types and one Peruvian-type which differ considerably in their pod-filling potential, were examined under field conditions. Four irrigation treatments were applied (60%, 80%, 100% and 120%) in a factorial experimental design. A significant irrigation-treatment effect was observed for the two main pod-filling related traits, meat content and dead-end ratio, in all of the genotypes studied. The irrigation level significantly affected gross pod weight, 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight, but did not have any significant effects on pod yield per plot or pod size distribution. Therefore, our study suggests that reduction in irrigation directly influence the developing pods, as a result of low water availability/potential in the pod's surrounding environment. The effect of irrigation was most significant at the lowest irrigation level (60%); whereas a milder effect was observed in the 80% irrigation treatment, indicating that, in some cases, it is possible to reduce irrigation down to 80% without affecting the pod-filling components. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, some genotypes were found to be more strongly affected by the low-irrigation treatments. Also, irrigation level significantly affected the incidence of pod wart and the pod color variables, suggesting that higher irrigation should be applied in order to address these marketing-related traits. This trial serves as a fundamental study for understanding the pod-filling components that are influenced by the irrigation level in peanut.

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Relationship Between Kernel Moisture Content and Water Activity in Different Maturity Stages of Peanut

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Perdas quantitativas de amendoim nos períodos do dia em sistemas mecanizados de colheita

Perdas quantitativas de amendoim nos períodos do dia em sistemas mecanizados de colheita

Produtividade e perdas de amendoim em cinco diferentes datas de arranquio

The Effects of Irrigation Level and Genotype on Pod-Filling Related Traits in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

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