Relationship between Livelihood Assets and Strategies of Small-Scale Farmers: Evidences from Rain-Fed Areas of the Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Present research was designed to access the relationship, between livelihood capitals and strategies of small-scale farmers in rain-fed areas of Pakistan. Results highlighted that households possessed limited human, financial, physical, social and natural assets. Chi-square statistics showed a highly significant relationship (P<0.05) between livelihood assets and diversification strategies. It was found that social asset was highly influenced and depends upon income level of households as a majority (67.0%) of the poor people with a low income level had a low level of financial capital. The preference or choice of livelihood strategies by different income groups was measured through a chi-square test of independence (χ 2 = 1 2 2 . 7 7 0 ) which shows that the majority (79.3%) of low income households used farming as their only major livelihood strategy. Due to which they were considered as more prone to poverty as the high majority (98.0%) of households were facing the problem of poverty and hunger (98.0%) at the household level. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the problem of poverty & hunger (PPH) can easily be estimated from livelihood assets of respondents. 

Factors Affecting Rural Households Livelihood Diversification in Southern Parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

“…The co-efficient value is (4.009) which indicates that a one unit increase in climate change impact, increases logit in favor of livelihood income source diversification by (55.072) times as compared to non-diversified income source. The study finding is reliable with Asfaw et al (2015), Luqman et al (2018) studies, whose suggests that, changing in climate or in weather condition have adversely affected the agriculture, due to which people of rural areas diversified their livelihood income sources from on-farm to off-farm income generating activities. D2.…”

Analisis Karakteristik dan Peran Strategi Migrasi Domestik dan Internasional pada Penghidupan Rumah Tangga Migran (Studi Kasus: Desa Padas, Desa Jono, dan Desa Gawan, Kecamatan Tanon, Kabupaten Sragen)

“…Migrasi dianggap sebagai dampak dari urbanisasi dan ketidaksetaraan pembangunan antara desa dan kota (Fasbender, 1989;Jedwab et al, 2017;Loizou et al, 2019). Namun sebenarnya lebih dari itu, strategi migrasi yang dilakukan rumah tangga perdesaan adalah bentuk adaptasi untuk bertahan karena pekerjaan di sektor pertanian dan kondisi di desa tidak menjamin keberlanjutan penghidupan penduduk (Fan & Perloff, 2016;Huttunen, 2019;Luqman et al, 2018). Penelitian mengenai keterkaitan peran strategi migrasi dengan kondisi pertanian untuk konteks Indonesia masih terbatas, terlebih lagi jika dikaitkan dengan fenomena pandemi yang terjadi.…”